4r66

Publication Abstract from PubMed

DNA polymerases and substrates undergo conformational changes upon forming protein-ligand complexes. These conformational adjustments can hasten or deter DNA synthesis and influence substrate discrimination. From structural comparison of binary DNA and ternary DNA/dNTP complexes of DNA polymerase beta, several side-chains have been implicated in facilitating formation of an active ternary complex poised for chemistry. Site-directed mutagenesis of these highly conserved residues (Asp192, Arg258, Phe272, Glu295, and Tyr296) and kinetic characterization provides insight into the role these residues play during correct and incorrect insertion as well as their role in conformational activation. The catalytic efficiencies for correct nucleotide insertion for alanine mutants was wild type approximately R258A > F272A approximately Y296A > E295A > D192. Since the efficiencies for incorrect insertion was affected to about the same extent for each mutant, effects on fidelity were modest (<5-fold). The R258A mutant exhibited an increase in the single-turnover rate of correct nucleotide insertion. This suggests that the wild-type Arg258 side-chain generates a population of non-productive ternary complexes. Structures of binary and ternary substrate complexes of the R258A mutant and a mutant associated with gastric carcinomas, E295K, provide molecular insight into intermediate structural conformations not appreciated previously. While the R258A mutant crystal structures were similar to wild-type enzyme, the open ternary complex structure of E295K indicates that Arg258 stabilizes a non-productive conformation of the primer terminus that would decrease catalysis. Significantly, the open E295K ternary complex binds two metal ions indicating that metal binding cannot overcome the modified interactions that have interrupted the closure of the N-subdomain.

Substrate-Induced DNA Polymerase beta Activation.,Beard WA, Shock DD, Batra VK, Prasad R, Wilson SH J Biol Chem. 2014 Sep 26. pii: jbc.M114.607432. PMID:25261471^[5]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.