Structural highlights
Function
[POLR_TYMV] Acts as a cysteine protease, methyltransferase and deubiquitinase. The cyteine protease activity cleaves the polyprotein giving rise to mature proteins. The methyltransferase domain is probably involved in viral RNA capping. The deubiquitylating activity counteracts the degradation of the viral polymerase mediated by the host ubiquitin-proteasome system. The polymerase is thus stabilized and infectivity is increased.[1] RNA-directed RNA polymerase is responsible for the replication and transcription of the genome.[2] [E8Y371_ECOKO] Forms an intersubunit bridge (bridge B4) with the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit in the ribosome (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01343] One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it helps nucleate assembly of the platform of the 30S subunit by binding and bridging several RNA helices of the 16S rRNA (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01343]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV)--a member of the alphavirus-like supergroup of viruses--serves as a model system for positive-stranded RNA virus membrane-bound replication. TYMV encodes a precursor replication polyprotein that is processed by the endoproteolytic activity of its internal cysteine proteinase domain (PRO). We recently reported that PRO is actually a multifunctional enzyme with a specific ubiquitin hydrolase (DUB) activity that contributes to viral infectivity. Here, we report the crystal structure of the 150-residue PRO. Strikingly, PRO displays no homology to other processing proteinases from positive-stranded RNA viruses, including that of alphaviruses. Instead, the closest structural homologs of PRO are DUBs from the Ovarian tumor (OTU) family. In the crystal, one molecule's C-terminus inserts into the catalytic cleft of the next, providing a view of the N-terminal product complex in replication polyprotein processing. This allows us to locate the specificity determinants of PRO for its proteinase substrates. In addition to the catalytic cleft, at the exit of which the active site is unusually pared down and solvent-exposed, a key element in molecular recognition by PRO is a lobe N-terminal to the catalytic domain. Docking models and the activities of PRO and PRO mutants in a deubiquitylating assay suggest that this N-terminal lobe is also likely involved in PRO's DUB function. Our data thus establish that DUBs can evolve to specifically hydrolyze both iso- and endopeptide bonds with different sequences. This is achieved by the use of multiple specificity determinants, as recognition of substrate patches distant from the cleavage sites allows a relaxed specificity of PRO at the sites themselves. Our results thus shed light on how such a compact protein achieves a diversity of key functions in viral genome replication and host-pathogen interaction.
A compact viral processing proteinase/ubiquitin hydrolase from the OTU family.,Lombardi C, Ayach M, Beaurepaire L, Chenon M, Andreani J, Guerois R, Jupin I, Bressanelli S PLoS Pathog. 2013 Aug;9(8):e1003560. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003560. Epub 2013, Aug 15. PMID:23966860[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Chenon M, Camborde L, Cheminant S, Jupin I. A viral deubiquitylating enzyme targets viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and affects viral infectivity. EMBO J. 2012 Feb 1;31(3):741-53. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2011.424. Epub 2011 Nov 25. PMID:22117220 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.424
- ↑ Chenon M, Camborde L, Cheminant S, Jupin I. A viral deubiquitylating enzyme targets viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and affects viral infectivity. EMBO J. 2012 Feb 1;31(3):741-53. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2011.424. Epub 2011 Nov 25. PMID:22117220 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.424
- ↑ Lombardi C, Ayach M, Beaurepaire L, Chenon M, Andreani J, Guerois R, Jupin I, Bressanelli S. A compact viral processing proteinase/ubiquitin hydrolase from the OTU family. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Aug;9(8):e1003560. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003560. Epub 2013, Aug 15. PMID:23966860 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003560
