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From Proteopedia
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| - | *[[Complement factor H|Complement factor H]] | ||
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Revision as of 09:17, 15 November 2017
Structural Basis for Host Specificity of Factor H Binding by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Structural highlights
Disease[CFAH_HUMAN] Genetic variations in CFH are associated with basal laminar drusen (BLD) [MIM:126700]; also known as drusen of Bruch membrane or cuticular drusen or grouped early adult-onset drusen. Drusen are extracellular deposits that accumulate below the retinal pigment epithelium on Bruch membrane. Basal laminar drusen refers to an early adult-onset drusen phenotype that shows a pattern of uniform small, slightly raised yellow subretinal nodules randomly scattered in the macula. In later stages, these drusen often become more numerous, with clustered groups of drusen scattered throughout the retina. In time these small basal laminar drusen may expand and ultimately lead to a serous pigment epithelial detachment of the macula that may result in vision loss. Defects in CFH are the cause of complement factor H deficiency (CFHD) [MIM:609814]. A disorder that can manifest as several different phenotypes, including asymptomatic, recurrent bacterial infections, and renal failure. Laboratory features usually include decreased serum levels of factor H, complement component C3, and a decrease in other terminal complement components, indicating activation of the alternative complement pathway. It is associated with a number of renal diseases with variable clinical presentation and progression, including membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Defects in CFH are a cause of susceptibility to hemolytic uremic syndrome atypical type 1 (AHUS1) [MIM:235400]. An atypical form of hemolytic uremic syndrome. It is a complex genetic disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure and absence of episodes of enterocolitis and diarrhea. In contrast to typical hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical forms have a poorer prognosis, with higher death rates and frequent progression to end-stage renal disease. Note=Susceptibility to the development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome can be conferred by mutations in various components of or regulatory factors in the complement cascade system. Other genes may play a role in modifying the phenotype.[9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] Genetic variation in CFH is associated with age-related macular degeneration type 4 (ARMD4) [MIM:610698]. ARMD is a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid (known as drusen) that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane.[17] Function[CFAH_HUMAN] Factor H functions as a cofactor in the inactivation of C3b by factor I and also increases the rate of dissociation of the C3bBb complex (C3 convertase) and the (C3b)NBB complex (C5 convertase) in the alternative complement pathway. Publication Abstract from PubMedMany human pathogens have strict host specificity, which affects not only their epidemiology but also development of animal models and vaccines. Complement factor H (FH) is recruited to pneumococcal cell surface in a human-specific manner via the N-terminal domain of the pneumococcal protein virulence factor CbpA (CbpAN). FH recruitment enables Streptococcus pneumoniae to evade surveillance by human complement system and contributes to pneumococcal host specificity. The molecular determinants of host specificity of complement evasion are unknown. Here we show that a single human FH domain is sufficient for tight binding of CbpAN, present the crystal structure of the complex, and identify the critical structural determinants for host-specific FH recruitment. The results offer new approaches to development of better animal models for pneumococcal infection and redesign of the virulence factor for pneumococcal vaccine development, and reveal how FH recruitment can serve as a mechanism for both pneumococcal complement evasion and adherence. Structural Determinants of Host Specificity of Complement Factor H Recruitment by Streptococcus pneumoniae.,Achila D, Liu A, Banerjee R, Li Y, Martinez-Hackert E, Zhang JR, Yan H Biochem J. 2014 Oct 21. PMID:25330773[18] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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