User:Wally Novak/Sandbox Brown
From Proteopedia
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<StructureSection load='4qyz' size='340' side='right' caption='CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance complex with target ssDNA' scene=''> | <StructureSection load='4qyz' size='340' side='right' caption='CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance complex with target ssDNA' scene=''> | ||
| - | Cas9 is a large multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the CRISPR-Cas adaptive defense mechanism found in a vast amount of bacteria and archaea <ref name='one'>DOI 10.1126/science.1258096</ref>. It accomplishes this through the use of antisense RNAs which serve as signatures from past viral invasions <ref>DOI 10.1186/1745-6150-1-7</ref>. The adaptive immunity occurs in three stages: insertion of invading DNA into CRISPR locus, transcription of precursor crRNA from CRISPR locus that will be used to generate crRNA, and crRNA-directed cleavage of foreign nucleic acids by cas9. PAM (protospacer adjacent motif) sequences must be present adjacent to the crRNA-targeted sequence to be cleaved <ref name='one'/>. Just in the last few years, this defensive mechanism and the cas9 protein has been used to develop genome engineering applications. | + | Cas9 is a large multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the CRISPR-Cas adaptive defense mechanism found in a vast amount of bacteria and archaea <ref name='one'>DOI 10.1126/science.1258096</ref>. It accomplishes this through the use of antisense RNAs which serve as signatures from past viral invasions <ref>DOI 10.1186/1745-6150-1-7</ref>. The adaptive immunity occurs in three stages: insertion of invading DNA into CRISPR locus, transcription of precursor crRNA from CRISPR locus that will be used to generate crRNA that matches its target sequence for 20 base pairs, and crRNA-directed cleavage of foreign nucleic acids by cas9. PAM (protospacer adjacent motif) sequences must be present adjacent to the crRNA-targeted sequence to be cleaved <ref name='one'/>. In addition to the crRNA, cas9 incoporates another RNA chain that serves to anchor the crRNA to the protein. This tracrRNA is partially complimentary to a piece of the crRNA and interacts with an arginine-rich alpha helix to anchor both pieces of RNA to cas 9 <ref name='three'>DOIdoi:10.1038/nature09886</ref>. Just in the last few years, this defensive mechanism and the cas9 protein has been used to develop genome engineering applications. Tracr |
This is a default text for your page '''Wally Novak/Sandbox Brown'''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs. | This is a default text for your page '''Wally Novak/Sandbox Brown'''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs. | ||
You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue. | You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue. | ||
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| - | == Role in CRISPR == | ||
[[Image:cas9image.jpg]] | [[Image:cas9image.jpg]] | ||
Revision as of 00:16, 11 October 2016
Introduction
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Doudna JA, Charpentier E. Genome editing. The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9. Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1258096. doi: 10.1126/science.1258096. PMID:25430774 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1258096
- ↑ Makarova KS, Grishin NV, Shabalina SA, Wolf YI, Koonin EV. A putative RNA-interference-based immune system in prokaryotes: computational analysis of the predicted enzymatic machinery, functional analogies with eukaryotic RNAi, and hypothetical mechanisms of action. Biol Direct. 2006 Mar 16;1:7. PMID:16545108 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-7
- ↑ DOIdoi:10.1038/nature09886
- ↑ Hanson, R. M., Prilusky, J., Renjian, Z., Nakane, T. and Sussman, J. L. (2013), JSmol and the Next-Generation Web-Based Representation of 3D Molecular Structure as Applied to Proteopedia. Isr. J. Chem., 53:207-216. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201300024
- ↑ Herraez A. Biomolecules in the computer: Jmol to the rescue. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2006 Jul;34(4):255-61. doi: 10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644. PMID:21638687 doi:10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644
