| Structural highlights
4gdl is a 3 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: | |
| Related: | 4gdk |
| Gene: | APG12, APG12L, ATG12 (HUMAN), APG5L, ASP, ATG5 (HUMAN), APG16L, ATG16L1, UNQ9393/PRO34307 (HUMAN) |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
[A16L1_HUMAN] Crohn disease. Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Function
[ATG12_HUMAN] Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through an ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate also regulates negatively the innate antiviral immune response by blocking the type I IFN production pathway through direct association with RARRES3 and MAVS. Plays also a role in translation or delivery of incoming viral RNA to the translation apparatus.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [A16L1_HUMAN] Plays an essential role in autophagy: interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the conjugation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to LC3 (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B or MAP1LC3C), to produce a membrane-bound activated form of LC3 named LC3-II.[8] [ATG5_HUMAN] Involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG12 through an ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. Involved in mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, and in subsequent cellular longevity. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate also regulates negatively the innate antiviral immune response by blocking the type I IFN production pathway through direct association with RARRES3 and MAVS. Plays also a role in translation or delivery of incoming viral RNA to the translation apparatus. HCV utilizes ATG5 as a proviral factor during the onset of viral infection. Plays a critical role in multiple aspects of lymphocyte development and is essential for both B and T lymphocyte survival and proliferation. Required for optimal processing and presentation of antigens for MHC II. Involved in the maintenance of axon morphology and membrane structures; as well as in normal adipocyte differentiation.[9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] May play an important role in the apoptotic process, possibly within the modified cytoskeleton. Its expression is a relatively late event in the apoptotic process, occurring downstream of caspase activity. Plays a crucial role in IFN-gamma-induced autophagic cell death by interacting with FADD.[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The autophagy factor ATG12~ATG5 conjugate exhibits E3 ligase-like activity which facilitates the lipidation of members of the LC3 family. The crystal structure of the human ATG12~ATG5 conjugate bound to the N-terminal region of ATG16L1, the factor that recruits the conjugate to autophagosomal membranes, reveals an integrated architecture in which ATG12 docks onto ATG5 through conserved residues. ATG12 and ATG5 are oriented such that other conserved residues on each molecule, including the conjugation junction, form a continuous surface patch. Mutagenesis data support the importance of both the interface between ATG12 and ATG5 and the continuous patch for E3 activity. The ATG12~ATG5 conjugate interacts with the E2 enzyme ATG3 with high affinity through another surface location that is exclusive to ATG12, suggesting a different role of the continuous patch in E3 activity. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the mechanism of LC3 lipidation.
Structure of the human ATG12~ATG5 conjugate required for LC3 lipidation in autophagy.,Otomo C, Metlagel Z, Takaesu G, Otomo T Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2012 Dec 2. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2431. PMID:23202584[21]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Tanida I, Nishitani T, Nemoto T, Ueno T, Kominami E. Mammalian Apg12p, but not the Apg12p.Apg5p conjugate, facilitates LC3 processing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Sep 6;296(5):1164-70. PMID:12207896
- ↑ Jounai N, Takeshita F, Kobiyama K, Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Xin KQ, Ishii KJ, Kawai T, Akira S, Suzuki K, Okuda K. The Atg5 Atg12 conjugate associates with innate antiviral immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 28;104(35):14050-5. Epub 2007 Aug 20. PMID:17709747 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704014104
- ↑ Kim PK, Hailey DW, Mullen RT, Lippincott-Schwartz J. Ubiquitin signals autophagic degradation of cytosolic proteins and peroxisomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 30;105(52):20567-74. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0810611105. Epub 2008 Dec 12. PMID:19074260 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810611105
- ↑ Fader CM, Sanchez D, Furlan M, Colombo MI. Induction of autophagy promotes fusion of multivesicular bodies with autophagic vacuoles in k562 cells. Traffic. 2008 Feb;9(2):230-50. Epub 2007 Dec 7. PMID:17999726 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00677.x
- ↑ Terebiznik MR, Raju D, Vazquez CL, Torbricki K, Kulkarni R, Blanke SR, Yoshimori T, Colombo MI, Jones NL. Effect of Helicobacter pylori's vacuolating cytotoxin on the autophagy pathway in gastric epithelial cells. Autophagy. 2009 Apr;5(3):370-9. Epub 2009 Apr 19. PMID:19164948
- ↑ Dreux M, Gastaminza P, Wieland SF, Chisari FV. The autophagy machinery is required to initiate hepatitis C virus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 18;106(33):14046-51. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0907344106. Epub 2009 Aug 3. PMID:19666601 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907344106
- ↑ Otomo C, Metlagel Z, Takaesu G, Otomo T. Structure of the human ATG12~ATG5 conjugate required for LC3 lipidation in autophagy. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2012 Dec 2. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2431. PMID:23202584 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2431
- ↑ Boada-Romero E, Letek M, Fleischer A, Pallauf K, Ramon-Barros C, Pimentel-Muinos FX. TMEM59 defines a novel ATG16L1-binding motif that promotes local activation of LC3. EMBO J. 2013 Feb 20;32(4):566-82. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2013.8. Epub 2013 Feb 1. PMID:23376921 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2013.8
- ↑ Grand RJ, Milner AE, Mustoe T, Johnson GD, Owen D, Grant ML, Gregory CD. A novel protein expressed in mammalian cells undergoing apoptosis. Exp Cell Res. 1995 Jun;218(2):439-51. PMID:7796880 doi:http://dx.doi.org/S0014-4827(85)71177-9
- ↑ Tanida I, Nishitani T, Nemoto T, Ueno T, Kominami E. Mammalian Apg12p, but not the Apg12p.Apg5p conjugate, facilitates LC3 processing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Sep 6;296(5):1164-70. PMID:12207896
- ↑ Pyo JO, Jang MH, Kwon YK, Lee HJ, Jun JI, Woo HN, Cho DH, Choi B, Lee H, Kim JH, Mizushima N, Oshumi Y, Jung YK. Essential roles of Atg5 and FADD in autophagic cell death: dissection of autophagic cell death into vacuole formation and cell death. J Biol Chem. 2005 May 27;280(21):20722-9. Epub 2005 Mar 18. PMID:15778222 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M413934200
- ↑ Jounai N, Takeshita F, Kobiyama K, Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Xin KQ, Ishii KJ, Kawai T, Akira S, Suzuki K, Okuda K. The Atg5 Atg12 conjugate associates with innate antiviral immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 28;104(35):14050-5. Epub 2007 Aug 20. PMID:17709747 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704014104
- ↑ Guevin C, Manna D, Belanger C, Konan KV, Mak P, Labonte P. Autophagy protein ATG5 interacts transiently with the hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase (NS5B) early during infection. Virology. 2010 Sep 15;405(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.05.032. Epub 2010 Jun, 26. PMID:20580051 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.05.032
- ↑ Mai S, Muster B, Bereiter-Hahn J, Jendrach M. Autophagy proteins LC3B, ATG5 and ATG12 participate in quality control after mitochondrial damage and influence lifespan. Autophagy. 2012 Jan;8(1):47-62. doi: 10.4161/auto.8.1.18174. Epub 2012 Jan 1. PMID:22170153 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.8.1.18174
- ↑ Grand RJ, Milner AE, Mustoe T, Johnson GD, Owen D, Grant ML, Gregory CD. A novel protein expressed in mammalian cells undergoing apoptosis. Exp Cell Res. 1995 Jun;218(2):439-51. PMID:7796880 doi:http://dx.doi.org/S0014-4827(85)71177-9
- ↑ Tanida I, Nishitani T, Nemoto T, Ueno T, Kominami E. Mammalian Apg12p, but not the Apg12p.Apg5p conjugate, facilitates LC3 processing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Sep 6;296(5):1164-70. PMID:12207896
- ↑ Pyo JO, Jang MH, Kwon YK, Lee HJ, Jun JI, Woo HN, Cho DH, Choi B, Lee H, Kim JH, Mizushima N, Oshumi Y, Jung YK. Essential roles of Atg5 and FADD in autophagic cell death: dissection of autophagic cell death into vacuole formation and cell death. J Biol Chem. 2005 May 27;280(21):20722-9. Epub 2005 Mar 18. PMID:15778222 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M413934200
- ↑ Jounai N, Takeshita F, Kobiyama K, Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Xin KQ, Ishii KJ, Kawai T, Akira S, Suzuki K, Okuda K. The Atg5 Atg12 conjugate associates with innate antiviral immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 28;104(35):14050-5. Epub 2007 Aug 20. PMID:17709747 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704014104
- ↑ Guevin C, Manna D, Belanger C, Konan KV, Mak P, Labonte P. Autophagy protein ATG5 interacts transiently with the hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase (NS5B) early during infection. Virology. 2010 Sep 15;405(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.05.032. Epub 2010 Jun, 26. PMID:20580051 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.05.032
- ↑ Mai S, Muster B, Bereiter-Hahn J, Jendrach M. Autophagy proteins LC3B, ATG5 and ATG12 participate in quality control after mitochondrial damage and influence lifespan. Autophagy. 2012 Jan;8(1):47-62. doi: 10.4161/auto.8.1.18174. Epub 2012 Jan 1. PMID:22170153 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.8.1.18174
- ↑ Otomo C, Metlagel Z, Takaesu G, Otomo T. Structure of the human ATG12~ATG5 conjugate required for LC3 lipidation in autophagy. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2012 Dec 2. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2431. PMID:23202584 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2431
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