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Ubiquitin is a very small, very studied protein that is found in almost all cellular tissues in humans and other eukaryotic organisms. Ubiquitin consist of 76 amino acids. It helps regulate the processes of other proteins in the body. When ubiquitin is added to a substrate protein, the process of this occurring is known as ubiquitination. This process can lead to many different outcomes. Ubiquitination has three main steps: activation, conjugation and ligation which are performed by ubiquitin-activating enzymes, ubiquitin conjugating enzymes and ubiquitin ligase respectively. The main function of ubiquitin is degradation of the protein via the proteasome. Ubiquitin can affect many different processes including apoptosis, DNA transcription and repair, processing of antigens, viral infections, stress response pathway, immune and inflammatory responses, and degeneration of neurons and muscular cells.

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Structural highlights

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