5ubt

Structural highlights

Disease

[PK3CD_HUMAN] Activated PIK3-delta syndrome. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Function

[PK3CD_HUMAN] Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PftdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Mediates immune responses. Plays a role in B-cell development, proliferation, migration, and function. Required for B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Mediates B-cell proliferation response to anti-IgM, anti-CD40 and IL4 stimulation. Promotes cytokine production in response to TLR4 and TLR9. Required for antibody class switch mediated by TLR9. Involved in the antigen presentation function of B-cells. Involved in B-cell chemotaxis in response to CXCL13 and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Required for proliferation, signaling and cytokine production of naive, effector and memory T-cells. Required for T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Mediates TCR signaling events at the immune synapse. Activation by TCR leads to antigen-dependent memory T-cell migration and retention to antigenic tissues. Together with PIK3CG participates in T-cell development. Contributes to T-helper cell expansion and differentiation. Required for T-cell migration mediated by homing receptors SELL/CD62L, CCR7 and S1PR1 and antigen dependent recruitment of T-cells. Together with PIK3CG is involved in natural killer (NK) cell development and migration towards the sites of inflammation. Participates in NK cell receptor activation. Have a role in NK cell maturation and cytokine production. Together with PIK3CG is involved in neutrophil chemotaxis and extravasation. Together with PIK3CG participates in neutrophil respiratory burst. Have important roles in mast-cell development and mast cell mediated allergic response. Involved in stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated proliferation, adhesion and migration. Required for allergen-IgE-induced degranulation and cytokine release. The lipid kinase activity is required for its biological function. Isoform 2 may be involved in stabilizing total RAS levels, resulting in increased ERK phosphorylation and increased PI3K activity.^{[1] [2]} [P85A_HUMAN] Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Likewise, plays a role in ITGB2 signaling.^{[3] [4] [5]}

References

1. ↑ Soond DR, Bjorgo E, Moltu K, Dale VQ, Patton DT, Torgersen KM, Galleway F, Twomey B, Clark J, Gaston JS, Tasken K, Bunyard P, Okkenhaug K. PI3K p110delta regulates T-cell cytokine production during primary and secondary immune responses in mice and humans. Blood. 2010 Mar 18;115(11):2203-13. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-232330. Epub 2010 , Jan 15. PMID:20081091 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-07-232330
2. ↑ Fransson S, Uv A, Eriksson H, Andersson MK, Wettergren Y, Bergo M, Ejeskar K. p37delta is a new isoform of PI3K p110delta that increases cell proliferation and is overexpressed in tumors. Oncogene. 2012 Jul 5;31(27):3277-86. doi: 10.1038/onc.2011.492. Epub 2011 Oct 24. PMID:22020336 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2011.492
3. ↑ Vainikka S, Joukov V, Wennstrom S, Bergman M, Pelicci PG, Alitalo K. Signal transduction by fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 (FGFR-4). Comparison with FGFR-1. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 15;269(28):18320-6. PMID:7518429
4. ↑ Miled N, Yan Y, Hon WC, Perisic O, Zvelebil M, Inbar Y, Schneidman-Duhovny D, Wolfson HJ, Backer JM, Williams RL. Mechanism of two classes of cancer mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase catalytic subunit. Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):239-42. PMID:17626883 doi:317/5835/239
5. ↑ Mandelker D, Gabelli SB, Schmidt-Kittler O, Zhu J, Cheong I, Huang CH, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Amzel LM. A frequent kinase domain mutation that changes the interaction between PI3Kalpha and the membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Oct 6;106(40):16996-7001. Epub 2009 Sep 23. PMID:19805105
6. ↑ Qin LY, Ruan Z, Cherney RJ, Dhar TG, Neels J, Weigelt CA, Sack JS, Srivastava AS, Cornelius LA, Tino JA, Stefanski K, Gu X, Xie J, Susulic V, Yang X, Yarde-Chinn M, Skala S, Bosnius R, Goldstein C, Davies P, Ruepp S, Salter-Cid L, Bhide RS, Poss MA. Discovery of 7-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine derivatives as highly potent and selective PI3Kdelta inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2017 Feb 15;27(4):855-861. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.016., Epub 2017 Jan 10. PMID:28108251 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.016