| Structural highlights
5gtb is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Arath. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Gene: | ARC6, At5g42480, MDH9.18 (ARATH), PDV2, At2g16070, F7H1.9 (ARATH) |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
[ARC6_ARATH] Component of the plastid division machinery. Involved in the initiation of proplastid and plastid division (including chloroplasts, statoliths and leukoplasts). Promotes the assembly and/or stabilization of the plastid-dividing FtsZ ring, functioning as an antagonistic regulator of FtsZ dynamics against CDP1. Relays plastid division site position between stroma and outer surface via interactions with the stromal FtsZ ring and the outer membrane PDV2 that recruits cytoplasmic ARC5 ring. Required for plastid equatorial positioning of PDV2 and ARC5. May contribute to gravitropism in stems and hypocotyls. Seems to influence stromule (stroma-filled tubular extensions of the plastid envelope membrane) length and frequency.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [PDV2_ARATH] Component of the plastid division machinery. Required to mediate the recruitment of ARC5 at the midplastid constriction site in the cytoplasm. Relays plastid division site position between stroma and outer surface via interactions with the cytoplasmic ARC5 and the inner membrane ARC6 that recruits stromal FtsZ ring.[9] [10]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Chloroplasts divide by binary fission, which is accomplished by the simultaneous constriction of the FtsZ ring on the stromal side of the inner envelope membrane, and the ARC5 ring on the cytosolic side of the outer envelope membrane. The two rings are connected and coordinated mainly by the interaction between the inner envelope membrane protein ARC6 and the outer envelope membrane protein PDV2 in the intermembrane space. The underlying mechanism of this coordination is unclear to date. Here, we solved the crystal structure of the intermembrane space region of the ARC6-PDV2 complex. The results indicated that PDV2 inserts its carboxy terminus into a pocket formed in ARC6, and this interaction further induces the dimerization of the intermembrane space regions of two ARC6 molecules. A pdv2 mutant attenuating PDV2-induced ARC6 dimerization showed abnormal morphology of ARC6 rings and compromised chloroplast division in plant cells. Together, our data reveal that PDV2-induced dimerization of ARC6 plays a critical role in chloroplast division and provide insights into the coordination mechanism of the internal and external plastid division machineries.
Structural insights into the coordination of plastid division by the ARC6-PDV2 complex.,Wang W, Li J, Sun Q, Yu X, Zhang W, Jia N, An C, Li Y, Dong Y, Han F, Chang N, Liu X, Zhu Z, Yu Y, Fan S, Yang M, Luo SZ, Gao H, Feng Y Nat Plants. 2017 Mar 1;3:17011. doi: 10.1038/nplants.2017.11. PMID:28248291[11]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Marrison JL, Rutherford SM, Robertson EJ, Lister C, Dean C, Leech RM. The distinctive roles of five different ARC genes in the chloroplast division process in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 1999 Jun;18(6):651-62. PMID:10417716
- ↑ Yamamoto K, Pyke KA, Kiss JZ. Reduced gravitropism in inflorescence stems and hypocotyls, but not roots, of Arabidopsis mutants with large plastids. Physiol Plant. 2002 Apr;114(4):627-636. PMID:11975738
- ↑ Pyke KA, Rutherford SM, Robertson EJ, Leech RM. arc6, A Fertile Arabidopsis Mutant with Only Two Mesophyll Cell Chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 1994 Nov;106(3):1169-1177. PMID:12232400
- ↑ Vitha S, Froehlich JE, Koksharova O, Pyke KA, van Erp H, Osteryoung KW. ARC6 is a J-domain plastid division protein and an evolutionary descendant of the cyanobacterial cell division protein Ftn2. Plant Cell. 2003 Aug;15(8):1918-33. PMID:12897262
- ↑ Holzinger A, Kwok EY, Hanson MR. Effects of arc3, arc5 and arc6 mutations on plastid morphology and stromule formation in green and nongreen tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. Photochem Photobiol. 2008 Nov-Dec;84(6):1324-35. doi:, 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00437.x. Epub 2008 Aug 29. PMID:18764889 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00437.x
- ↑ Glynn JM, Froehlich JE, Osteryoung KW. Arabidopsis ARC6 coordinates the division machineries of the inner and outer chloroplast membranes through interaction with PDV2 in the intermembrane space. Plant Cell. 2008 Sep;20(9):2460-70. doi: 10.1105/tpc.108.061440. Epub 2008 Sep, 23. PMID:18812496 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.061440
- ↑ Robertson EJ, Pyke KA, Leech RM. arc6, an extreme chloroplast division mutant of Arabidopsis also alters proplastid proliferation and morphology in shoot and root apices. J Cell Sci. 1995 Sep;108 ( Pt 9):2937-44. PMID:8537433
- ↑ Pyke KA, Page AM. Plastid ontogeny during petal development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 1998 Feb;116(2):797-803. PMID:9489024
- ↑ Miyagishima SY, Froehlich JE, Osteryoung KW. PDV1 and PDV2 mediate recruitment of the dynamin-related protein ARC5 to the plastid division site. Plant Cell. 2006 Oct;18(10):2517-30. Epub 2006 Sep 22. PMID:16998069 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.106.045484
- ↑ Glynn JM, Froehlich JE, Osteryoung KW. Arabidopsis ARC6 coordinates the division machineries of the inner and outer chloroplast membranes through interaction with PDV2 in the intermembrane space. Plant Cell. 2008 Sep;20(9):2460-70. doi: 10.1105/tpc.108.061440. Epub 2008 Sep, 23. PMID:18812496 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.061440
- ↑ Wang W, Li J, Sun Q, Yu X, Zhang W, Jia N, An C, Li Y, Dong Y, Han F, Chang N, Liu X, Zhu Z, Yu Y, Fan S, Yang M, Luo SZ, Gao H, Feng Y. Structural insights into the coordination of plastid division by the ARC6-PDV2 complex. Nat Plants. 2017 Mar 1;3:17011. doi: 10.1038/nplants.2017.11. PMID:28248291 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2017.11
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