Phosphodiesterase

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Line 46: Line 46:
**[[1taz]] – hPDE 1b catalytic domain – human<BR />
**[[1taz]] – hPDE 1b catalytic domain – human<BR />
 +
**[[5up0]], [[5uoy]] - hPDE 1b catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
 +
**[[5b25]] - hPDE 1b catalytic domain (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
**[[2r8q]] - PDE 1b catalytic domain + inhibitor – ''Leishmania major''<br />
**[[2r8q]] - PDE 1b catalytic domain + inhibitor – ''Leishmania major''<br />
**[[4i15]] – PDE catalytic domain – ''Trypanosoma brucei''<br />
**[[4i15]] – PDE catalytic domain – ''Trypanosoma brucei''<br />
Line 51: Line 53:
**[[4ojx]] – yPDE + GMP<br />
**[[4ojx]] – yPDE + GMP<br />
-
*PDE 2 or cGMP-dependent 3’,5’-cyclic PDE
+
*PDE 2A or cGMP-dependent 3’,5’-cyclic PDE
**[[1f0j]] – mPDE 2a regulatory domain (mutant) – mouse<BR />
**[[1f0j]] – mPDE 2a regulatory domain (mutant) – mouse<BR />
**[[1z1l]], [[3ibj]], [[3itm]] - hPDE 2a catalytic domain<BR />
**[[1z1l]], [[3ibj]], [[3itm]] - hPDE 2a catalytic domain<BR />
-
**[[3itu]], [[4htx]], [[4htz]], [[4jib]], [[4d08]], [[4d09]] - hPDE 2a catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[3itu]], [[4htx]], [[4htz]], [[4jib]], [[4d08]], [[4d09]], [[5xkm]], [[5vp0]], [[5u7l]], [[5u7k]], [[5u7j]], [[5u7i]], [[5u7d]], [[5u00]], [[5tzz]], [[5tzx]], [[5tzw]], [[5tzh]], [[5tzc]], [[5tza]], [[5tz3]] - hPDE 2a catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
 +
 
 +
*PDE 2H or RNA 2’,3’-cyclic PDE
 +
 
 +
**[[5ldi]] - EcPDE <br />
 +
**[[5ldq]] - EcPDE + NADP <br />
 +
**[[5ldp]], [[5ldo]], [[5ldm]], [[5ldk]] - EcPDE + nucleotide <br />
 +
**[[5ldj]] - EcPDE + Pi <br />
 +
 
*PDE 3
*PDE 3
Line 67: Line 77:
*PDE 4b or cAMP-specific 3’,5’-cyclic PDE
*PDE 4b or cAMP-specific 3’,5’-cyclic PDE
-
**[[1f0j]] – hPDE 4b catalytic domain (mutant) <BR />
+
**[[1f0j]], [[4wzi]]– hPDE 4b catalytic domain (mutant) <BR />
**[[1ro6]], [[1xmy]], [[1xn0]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain + anti-inflammatory drug<br />
**[[1ro6]], [[1xmy]], [[1xn0]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain + anti-inflammatory drug<br />
**[[1xot]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain + drug<br />
**[[1xot]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain + drug<br />
**[[1tb5]], [[1ro9]], [[1ror]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain + AMP<BR />
**[[1tb5]], [[1ro9]], [[1ror]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain + AMP<BR />
-
**[[1y2h]], [[1y2j]], [[2qyl]], [[3d3p]], [[3kkt]], [[3frg]], [[3gwt]], [[3ly2]], [[3hmv]], [[3o56]], [[3o57]], [[3o0j]], [[3w5e]], [[3wd9]], [[4myq]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[1y2h]], [[1y2j]], [[2qyl]], [[3d3p]], [[3kkt]], [[3frg]], [[3gwt]], [[3ly2]], [[3hmv]], [[3o56]], [[3o57]], [[3o0j]], [[3w5e]], [[3wd9]], [[4myq]], [[4kp6]], [[4nw7]], [[5k6j]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
**[[4x0f]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
**[[4x0f]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
**[[3g45]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain + modulator
**[[3g45]] - hPDE 4b catalytic domain + modulator
Line 86: Line 96:
**[[1ptw]], [[1tb7]] - hPDE 4d catalytic domain + AMP<BR />
**[[1ptw]], [[1tb7]] - hPDE 4d catalytic domain + AMP<BR />
**[[2pw3]] - hPDE 4d catalytic domain (mutant) + AMP<BR />
**[[2pw3]] - hPDE 4d catalytic domain (mutant) + AMP<BR />
-
**[[1y2b]], [[1y2c]], [[1y2d]], [[1y2e]], [[1y2k]], [[1zkn]], [[2fm0]], [[2fm5]], [[2qyn]], [[3k4s]], [[3sl3]], [[3sl4]], [[3sl5]], [[3sl6]], [[3sl8]], [[3v9b]] - hPDE 4d catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[1y2b]], [[1y2c]], [[1y2d]], [[1y2e]], [[1y2k]], [[1zkn]], [[2fm0]], [[2fm5]], [[2qyn]], [[3k4s]], [[3sl3]], [[3sl4]], [[3sl5]], [[3sl6]], [[3sl8]], [[3v9b]], [[5wqa]], [[5tkb]], [[5k32]], [[5k1i]], [[4wcu]], [[4w1o]], [[4ogb]] - hPDE 4d catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
**[[3iad]], [[3g4g]], [[3g4i]], [[3g58]] - hPDE 4d catalytic domain + modulator
**[[3iad]], [[3g4g]], [[3g4i]], [[3g58]] - hPDE 4d catalytic domain + modulator
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**[[3lfv]], [[3mf0]], [[2xss]] - hPDE 5a GAF domain<BR />
**[[3lfv]], [[3mf0]], [[2xss]] - hPDE 5a GAF domain<BR />
**[[1rkp]], [[3tgg]] – hPDE 5a1 catalytic domain (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
**[[1rkp]], [[3tgg]] – hPDE 5a1 catalytic domain (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
-
**[[2chm]], [[4oex]], [[4oew]], [[4g2w]], [[4g2y]], [[4i9z]], [[4ia0]], [[4md6]] - hPDE 5a catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[2chm]], [[4oex]], [[4oew]], [[4g2w]], [[4g2y]], [[4i9z]], [[4ia0]], [[4md6]], [[5jo3]] - hPDE 5a catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
**[[2h44]], [[3bjc]], [[3hc8]], [[3hdz]], [[3shy]], [[3shz]], [[3sie]], [[3tge]] - hPDE 5a1 catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
**[[2h44]], [[3bjc]], [[3hc8]], [[3hdz]], [[3shy]], [[3shz]], [[3sie]], [[3tge]] - hPDE 5a1 catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
**[[1udt]], [[1udu]], [[1uho]], [[1tbf]], [[1xoz]], [[1xp0]], [[2h42]], [[3b2r]] - hPDE 5 catalytic domain + drug<br />
**[[1udt]], [[1udu]], [[1uho]], [[1tbf]], [[1xoz]], [[1xp0]], [[2h42]], [[3b2r]] - hPDE 5 catalytic domain + drug<br />
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**[[1t9s]] - hPDE 5 catalytic domain + GMP
**[[1t9s]] - hPDE 5 catalytic domain + GMP
-
*PDE 6
+
*PDE 6 or retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3’,5’-cyclic PDE
**[[3dba]] - PDE 6c cGMP-binding domain – chicken<BR />
**[[3dba]] - PDE 6c cGMP-binding domain – chicken<BR />
**[[3t5g]] – hPDE 6d δ subunit + GTP-binding protein RHEB<BR />
**[[3t5g]] – hPDE 6d δ subunit + GTP-binding protein RHEB<BR />
**[[3t5i]] - hPDE 6d δ subunit + GTP-binding protein RHEB peptide<br />
**[[3t5i]] - hPDE 6d δ subunit + GTP-binding protein RHEB peptide<br />
 +
**[[5tar]], [[5tb5]] - hPDE 6d δ subunit + GTP-binding protein KRAS<br />
 +
**[[5f2u]] - hPDE 6d δ subunit + INPP5E peptide<br />
 +
**[[5e8f]] - hPDE 6d δ subunit + PDE 6c peptide<br />
**[[4jhp]] - hPDE 6d δ subunit + RPGR<br />
**[[4jhp]] - hPDE 6d δ subunit + RPGR<br />
-
**[[4jv6]], [[4jv8]], [[4jvb]], [[4jvf]] - hPDE 6d δ subunit + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[4jv6]], [[4jv8]], [[4jvb]], [[4jvf]], [[5ml2]], [[5ml3]], [[5ml4]], [[5ml6]], [[5ml8]], [[5nal]], [[5e80]] - hPDE 6d δ subunit + inhibitor<br />
*PDE 7
*PDE 7
-
**[[1zkl]], [[3g3n]], [[2y2b]] – hPDE 7a catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[1zkl]], [[3g3n]], [[2y2b]], [[4y2b]], [[4pm0]] – hPDE 7a catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
*PDE 8
*PDE 8
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**[[2ous]], [[2ouv]] - hPDE 10a2 catalytic domain (mutant) <BR />
**[[2ous]], [[2ouv]] - hPDE 10a2 catalytic domain (mutant) <BR />
**[[2ovv]], [[2ovy]] – rPDE 10a catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
**[[2ovv]], [[2ovy]] – rPDE 10a catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
-
**[[2qyk]], [[3lxg]], [[2y0j]], [[3qpn]], [[3qpo]], [[3qpp]], [[3sn7]], [[3sni]], [[3snl]], [[3wi2]], [[4ael]], [[4ajd]], [[4ajf]], [[4ajg]], [[4ajm]], [[4ddl]], [[4fcb]], [[4fcd]], [[4heu]], [[4hf4]], [[4lkq]], [[4llj]], [[4llk]], [[4llp]], [[4llx]], [[4lm0]], [[4lm1]], [[4lm2]], [[4lm3]], [[4lm4]], [[4muw]], [[4mvh]], [[4yqh]], [[4ys7]], [[3ws8]], [[3ws9]], [[3wyk]], [[3wyl]], [[3wym]], [[4mrw]], [[4mrz]], [[rms0]], [[4msa]], [[rmsc]], [[4mse]], [[rmsh]], [[4msn]] - hPDE 10a catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[2qyk]], [[3lxg]], [[2y0j]], [[3qpn]], [[3qpo]], [[3qpp]], [[3sn7]], [[3sni]], [[3snl]], [[3wi2]], [[4ael]], [[4ajd]], [[4ajf]], [[4ajg]], [[4ajm]], [[4ddl]], [[4fcb]], [[4fcd]], [[4heu]], [[4hf4]], [[4lkq]], [[4llj]], [[4llk]], [[4llp]], [[4llx]], [[4lm0]], [[4lm1]], [[4lm2]], [[4lm3]], [[4lm4]], [[4muw]], [[4mvh]], [[4yqh]], [[4ys7]], [[3ws8]], [[3ws9]], [[3wyk]], [[3wyl]], [[3wym]], [[4mrw]], [[4mrz]], [[rms0]], [[4msa]], [[rmsc]], [[4mse]], [[rmsh]], [[4msn]], [[5uwf]], [[5k9r]], [[5i2r]], [[5edi]], [[5edh]], [[5edg]], [[5ede]], [[5dh5]], [[5dh4]], [[5c2h]], [[5c2e]], [[5c2a]], [[5c29]], [[5c28]], [[5c1w]], [[5b4k]], [[5b4l]], [[5axq]], [[5axp]], [[4zo5]], [[4xy2]], [[4wn1]], [[4tpp]], [[4tpm]], [[4phw]], [[4p1r]], [[4p0n]] - hPDE 10a catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
**[[2wey]], [[3hqw]], [[3hqy]], [[3hqz]], [[3hr1]], [[3ui7]], [[3uuo]], [[4bbx]], [[4dff]] - hPDE 10a catalytic domain + schizophrenia drug<br />
**[[2wey]], [[3hqw]], [[3hqy]], [[3hqz]], [[3hr1]], [[3ui7]], [[3uuo]], [[4bbx]], [[4dff]] - hPDE 10a catalytic domain + schizophrenia drug<br />
**[[2oun]] - hPDE 10a2 catalytic domain + AMP<BR />
**[[2oun]] - hPDE 10a2 catalytic domain + AMP<BR />
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**[[2ouq]] - hPDE 10a2 catalytic domain + GMP<BR />
**[[2ouq]] - hPDE 10a2 catalytic domain + GMP<BR />
**[[2ouu]] - hPDE 10a2 catalytic domain (mutant) + GMP
**[[2ouu]] - hPDE 10a2 catalytic domain (mutant) + GMP
 +
 +
*PDE 12
 +
 +
**[[4zkf]], [[4z0v]] - hPDE <br />
 +
**[[4z2b]] - hPDE + inhibitor <br />
 +
 +
*U6 snRNA PDE
 +
 +
**[[5v1m]] - hPDE + UMP <br />
 +
**[[5uqj]] - yPDE <br />
 +
 +
*cGMP-specific PDE
 +
 +
**[[5w10]] - PDE + cAMP – ''Leptospira interrogans''<br />
 +
 +
*Diguanylate PDE
 +
 +
**[[5mkg]], [[5mf5]] - PaPDE + c-di-GMP <br />
 +
**[[5mfu]] - PaPDE + GMP + Mn <br />
 +
**[[5m1t]] - PaPDE + c-di-GMP + Mg<br />
 +
 +
*Sphingomyelin PDE see [[Sphingomyelinase]]
 +
 +
*1-phosphatidylinositol PDE see [[Phospholipase C]]
 +
 +
*C-di-GMP PDE See [[C-di-GMP specific phosphodiesterases]]
*Cyclic nucleotide PDE
*Cyclic nucleotide PDE
Line 150: Line 189:
**[[3v93]] – TcPDE catalytic domain – ''Trypanosoma cruzi''<br />
**[[3v93]] – TcPDE catalytic domain – ''Trypanosoma cruzi''<br />
**[[2ilx]] - rPDE catalytic domain<BR />
**[[2ilx]] - rPDE catalytic domain<BR />
-
**[[2xmi]], [[2y1p]], [[2y3x]] - mPDE catalytic domain <br />
+
**[[2xmi]], [[2y1p]], [[2y3x]], [[5ae0]] - mPDE catalytic domain <br />
 +
**[[4wex]], [[4wdh]], [[4wde]], [[4wdd]], [[4wcc]], [[4wcb]], [[4wca]], [[4wc9]], [[4wbl]], [[4wbi]] - mPDE catalytic domain (mutant) <br />
 +
**[[1mc0]] – mPDE regulatory subunit <br />
**[[2ydb]] - mPDE catalytic domain + cyclic NADP<br />
**[[2ydb]] - mPDE catalytic domain + cyclic NADP<br />
**[[3zbr]], [[3zbs]], [[3zbz]] - mPDE catalytic domain (mutant) + NADP<br />
**[[3zbr]], [[3zbs]], [[3zbz]] - mPDE catalytic domain (mutant) + NADP<br />
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**[[2ydd]] - mPDE catalytic domain + cyclic AMP<br />
**[[2ydd]] - mPDE catalytic domain + cyclic AMP<br />
**[[2ypc]], [[2ype]], [[2yph]] - mPDE catalytic domain (mutant) + cyclic AMP<br />
**[[2ypc]], [[2ype]], [[2yph]] - mPDE catalytic domain (mutant) + cyclic AMP<br />
-
**[[2yoz]], [[2yp0]] - mPDE catalytic domain + 2’-AMP<br />
+
**[[2yoz]], [[2yp0]], [[4wfr]] - mPDE catalytic domain + 2’-AMP<br />
-
**[[2yq9]] - mPDE catalytic domain (mutant) + 2’-AMP<br />
+
**[[2yq9]], [[4wdb]], [[4wda]] - mPDE catalytic domain (mutant) + 2’-AMP<br />
-
**[[1mc0]] – mPDE regulatory subunit <br />
+
**[[4wdg]], [[4wdf]] - mPDE catalytic domain (mutant) + 2’-ADP<br />
**[[3v94]] - TcPDE catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
**[[3v94]] - TcPDE catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
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**[[3sq3]], [[3sq5]], [[3sq7]], [[3sq8]] – yPDE (mutant) <BR />
**[[3sq3]], [[3sq5]], [[3sq7]], [[3sq8]] – yPDE (mutant) <BR />
**[[1jy1]], [[1qzq]] – hPDE residues 149-608<BR />
**[[1jy1]], [[1qzq]] – hPDE residues 149-608<BR />
 +
**[[5inm]] - mPDE catalytic domain <br />
 +
**[[5inn]] - mPDE catalytic domain (mutant) <br />
**[[4f1i]], [[4fva]], [[4gew]] – PDE – ''Caenorhabditis elegans''<br />
**[[4f1i]], [[4fva]], [[4gew]] – PDE – ''Caenorhabditis elegans''<br />
**[[1mu7]] - hPDE residues 149-608 (mutant) + WO4<BR />
**[[1mu7]] - hPDE residues 149-608 (mutant) + WO4<BR />
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**[[1rgu]], [[1rh0]] - hPDE residues 149-608 (mutant) + polynucleotide + neurohormone<br />
**[[1rgu]], [[1rh0]] - hPDE residues 149-608 (mutant) + polynucleotide + neurohormone<br />
**[[4f1h]], [[4fpv]] – PDE + DNA – zebra fish<br />
**[[4f1h]], [[4fpv]] – PDE + DNA – zebra fish<br />
-
**[[4gz0]], [[4gz1]], [[4gz2]], [[4puq]] – mPDE + DNA<br />
+
**[[4gz0]], [[4gz1]], [[4gz2]], [[4puq]], [[5inq]], [[5inp]], [[5ino]], [[5inl]], [[5ink]], [[5ht2]] – mPDE catalytic domain + DNA<br />
 +
**[[5j42]], [[5j3z]] - mPDE catalytic domain (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
 +
**[[5j3s]], [[5j3p]] - hPDE catalytic domain (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
*Glycerophosphodiester PDE
*Glycerophosphodiester PDE
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**[[3mz2]], [[3no3]] – PDE – ''Parabacterioides distasonia''<BR />
**[[3mz2]], [[3no3]] – PDE – ''Parabacterioides distasonia''<BR />
**[[4oec]] – PDE – ''Thermococcus kodakarensis''<br />
**[[4oec]] – PDE – ''Thermococcus kodakarensis''<br />
-
 
+
**[[5t9c]], [[5t9b]] – BsPDE + P3G – ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
-
*C-di-GMP PDE See [[C-di-GMP specific phosphodiesterases]]
+
**[[5t91]] – BsPDE + bicine<br />
*PDE
*PDE
**[[2ahd]] – PDE – ''Methanocaldococcus jannaschii''<BR />
**[[2ahd]] – PDE – ''Methanocaldococcus jannaschii''<BR />
-
**[[3qvq]] – PDE + glycerol-3-phosphate – ''Oleispira antarctica''<br />
+
**[[3qvq]] – PDE + P3G– ''Oleispira antarctica''<br />
-
**[[4b2o]] – PDE – ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
+
**[[4b2o]] – BsPDE <br />
**[[4g75]], [[4g76]] – PaPDE <br />
**[[4g75]], [[4g76]] – PaPDE <br />
}}
}}

Revision as of 09:08, 4 September 2017

Yeast phosphodiesterase 1 complex with GMP, MPD and Zn+2 (grey) ions (PDB entry 4ojx)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

3D Structures of phosphodiesterase

Updated on 04-September-2017


References

  1. ↑ Schermuly RT, Pullamsetti SS, Kwapiszewska G, Dumitrascu R, Tian X, Weissmann N, Ghofrani HA, Kaulen C, Dunkern T, Schudt C, Voswinckel R, Zhou J, Samidurai A, Klepetko W, Paddenberg R, Kummer W, Seeger W, Grimminger F. Phosphodiesterase 1 upregulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension: target for reverse-remodeling therapy. Circulation. 2007 May 1;115(17):2331-9. Epub 2007 Apr 16. PMID:17438150 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.676809
  2. ↑ Whalin ME, Scammell JG, Strada SJ, Thompson WJ. Phosphodiesterase II, the cGMP-activatable cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, regulates cyclic AMP metabolism in PC12 cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1991 Jun;39(6):711-7. PMID:1646946
  3. ↑ Tilley DG, Maurice DH. Vascular smooth muscle cell phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and PDE4 activities and levels are regulated by cyclic AMP in vivo. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Sep;62(3):497-506. PMID:12181425
  4. ↑ Morin F, Lugnier C, Kameni J, Voisin P. Expression and role of phosphodiesterase 6 in the chicken pineal gland. J Neurochem. 2001 Jul;78(1):88-99. PMID:11432976
  5. ↑ Redondo M, Brea J, Perez DI, Soteras I, Val C, Perez C, Morales-Garcia JA, Alonso-Gil S, Paul-Fernandez N, Martin-Alvarez R, Cadavid MI, Loza MI, Perez-Castillo A, Mengod G, Campillo NE, Martinez A, Gil C. Effect of phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) inhibitors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. Discovery of a new chemically diverse family of compounds. J Med Chem. 2012 Apr 12;55(7):3274-84. doi: 10.1021/jm201720d. Epub 2012 Mar 16. PMID:22385507 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm201720d
  6. ↑ Dong H, Osmanova V, Epstein PM, Brocke S. Phosphodiesterase 8 (PDE8) regulates chemotaxis of activated lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Jun 30;345(2):713-9. Epub 2006 May 3. PMID:16696947 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.143
  7. ↑ Singh N, Patra S. Phosphodiesterase 9: insights from protein structure and role in therapeutics. Life Sci. 2014 Jun 13;106(1-2):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.007. Epub 2014, Apr 16. PMID:24746902 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.007
  8. ↑ Qiu Y, Yanase T, Hu H, Tanaka T, Nishi Y, Liu M, Sueishi K, Sawamura T, Nawata H. Dihydrotestosterone suppresses foam cell formation and attenuates atherosclerosis development. Endocrinology. 2010 Jul;151(7):3307-16. doi: 10.1210/en.2009-1268. Epub 2010 Apr , 28. PMID:20427482 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1268
  9. ↑ Jin SL, Ding SL, Lin SC. Phosphodiesterase 4 and its inhibitors in inflammatory diseases. Chang Gung Med J. 2012 May-Jun;35(3):197-210. PMID:22735051
  10. ↑ Reffelmann T, Kloner RA. Cardiovascular effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(27):3485-94. PMID:17017941
  11. ↑ Garcia AM, Redondo M, Martinez A, Gil C. Phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitors: new disease modifying drugs for Parkinson's disease? Curr Med Chem. 2014 Apr;21(10):1171-87. PMID:24372206
  12. ↑ Tian Y, Cui W, Huang M, Robinson H, Wan Y, Wang Y, Ke H. Dual specificity and novel structural folding of yeast phosphodiesterase-1 for hydrolysis of second messengers cyclic adenosine and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate. Biochemistry. 2014 Aug 5;53(30):4938-45. doi: 10.1021/bi500406h. Epub 2014 Jul, 22. PMID:25050706 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi500406h

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