| Structural highlights
Function
[POLG_HRV14] Capsid proteins VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4 form a closed capsid enclosing the viral positive strand RNA genome. VP4 lies on the inner surface of the protein shell formed by VP1, VP2 and VP3. All the three latter proteins contain a beta-sheet structure called beta-barrel jelly roll. Together they form an icosahedral capsid (T=3) composed of 60 copies of each VP1, VP2, and VP3, with a diameter of approximately 300 Angstroms. VP1 is situated at the 12 fivefold axes, whereas VP2 and VP3 are located at the quasi-sixfold axes (By similarity). The capsid interacts with human ICAM1 to provide virion attachment to target cell. This attachment induces virion internalization predominantly through clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis. VP0 precursor is a component of immature procapsids (By similarity). Protein 2A is a cysteine protease that is responsible for the cleavage between the P1 and P2 regions. It cleaves the host translation initiation factor EIF4G1, in order to shut down the capped cellular mRNA transcription (By similarity). Protein 2B affects membrane integrity and cause an increase in membrane permeability (By similarity). Protein 2C associates with and induces structural rearrangements of intracellular membranes. It displays RNA-binding, nucleotide binding and NTPase activities (By similarity). Protein 3A, via its hydrophobic domain, serves as membrane anchor (By similarity). Protein 3C is a cysteine protease that generates mature viral proteins from the precursor polyprotein. In addition to its proteolytic activity, it binds to viral RNA, and thus influences viral genome replication. RNA and substrate bind co-operatively to the protease (By similarity). RNA-directed RNA polymerase 3D-POL replicates genomic and antigenomic RNA by recognizing replications specific signals (By similarity). [ICAM1_HUMAN] ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 (integrin alpha-L/beta-2). During leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, ICAM1 engagement promotes the assembly of endothelial apical cups through ARHGEF26/SGEF and RHOG activation. In case of rhinovirus infection acts as a cellular receptor for the virus.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Two human rhinovirus serotypes complexed with two- and five-domain soluble fragments of the cellular receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, have been investigated by X-ray crystallographic analyses of the individual components and by cryo-electron microscopy of the complexes. The three-dimensional image reconstructions provide a molecular envelope within which the crystal structures of the viruses and the receptor fragments can be positioned with accuracy. The N-terminal domain of the receptor binds to the rhinovirus 'canyon' surrounding the icosahedral 5-fold axes. Fitting of molecular models into the image reconstruction density identified the residues on the virus that interact with those on the receptor surface, demonstrating complementarity of the electrostatic patterns for the tip of the N-terminal receptor domain and the floor of the canyon. The complexes seen in the image reconstructions probably represent the first stage of a multistep binding process. A mechanism is proposed for the subsequent viral uncoating process.
Structural studies of two rhinovirus serotypes complexed with fragments of their cellular receptor.,Kolatkar PR, Bella J, Olson NH, Bator CM, Baker TS, Rossmann MG EMBO J. 1999 Nov 15;18(22):6249-59. PMID:10562537[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Greve JM, Davis G, Meyer AM, Forte CP, Yost SC, Marlor CW, Kamarck ME, McClelland A. The major human rhinovirus receptor is ICAM-1. Cell. 1989 Mar 10;56(5):839-47. PMID:2538243
- ↑ Marlin SD, Staunton DE, Springer TA, Stratowa C, Sommergruber W, Merluzzi VJ. A soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 inhibits rhinovirus infection. Nature. 1990 Mar 1;344(6261):70-2. PMID:1968231 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/344070a0
- ↑ Hayashi T, Takahashi T, Motoya S, Ishida T, Itoh F, Adachi M, Hinoda Y, Imai K. MUC1 mucin core protein binds to the domain 1 of ICAM-1. Digestion. 2001;63 Suppl 1:87-92. PMID:11173916
- ↑ van Buul JD, Allingham MJ, Samson T, Meller J, Boulter E, Garcia-Mata R, Burridge K. RhoG regulates endothelial apical cup assembly downstream from ICAM1 engagement and is involved in leukocyte trans-endothelial migration. J Cell Biol. 2007 Sep 24;178(7):1279-93. Epub 2007 Sep 17. PMID:17875742 doi:10.1083/jcb.200612053
- ↑ Kolatkar PR, Bella J, Olson NH, Bator CM, Baker TS, Rossmann MG. Structural studies of two rhinovirus serotypes complexed with fragments of their cellular receptor. EMBO J. 1999 Nov 15;18(22):6249-59. PMID:10562537 doi:10.1093/emboj/18.22.6249
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