| Structural highlights
Disease
[IFNG_HUMAN] In Caucasians, genetic variation in IFNG is associated with the risk of aplastic anemia (AA) [MIM:609135]. AA is a rare disease in which the reduction of the circulating blood cells results from damage to the stem cell pool in bone marrow. In most patients, the stem cell lesion is caused by an autoimmune attack. T-lymphocytes, activated by an endogenous or exogenous, and most often unknown antigenic stimulus, secrete cytokines, including IFN-gamma, which would in turn be able to suppress hematopoiesis. [INGR1_HUMAN] Defects in IFNGR1 are a cause of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) [MIM:209950]; also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. This rare condition confers predisposition to illness caused by moderately virulent mycobacterial species, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and by the more virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Other microorganisms rarely cause severe clinical disease in individuals with susceptibility to mycobacterial infections, with the exception of Salmonella which infects less than 50% of these individuals. The pathogenic mechanism underlying MSMD is the impairment of interferon-gamma mediated immunity whose severity determines the clinical outcome. Some patients die of overwhelming mycobacterial disease with lepromatous-like lesions in early childhood, whereas others develop, later in life, disseminated but curable infections with tuberculoid granulomas. MSMD is a genetically heterogeneous disease with autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant or X-linked inheritance.[1] [2]
Function
[IFNG_HUMAN] Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. [INGR1_HUMAN] Receptor for interferon gamma. Two receptors bind one interferon gamma dimer.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
BACKGROUND: Molecular interactions among cytokines and cytokine receptors form the basis of many cell-signaling pathways relevant to immune function. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) signals through a multimeric receptor complex consisting of two different but structurally related transmembrane chains: the high-affinity receptor-binding subunit (IFN-gammaRalpha) and a species-specific accessory factor (AF-1 or IFN-gammaRbeta). In the signaling complex, the two receptors probably interact with one another through their extracellular domains. Understanding the atomic interactions of signaling complexes enhances the ability to control and alter cell signaling and also provides a greater understanding of basic biochemical processes. RESULTS: The crystal structure of the complex of human IFN-gamma with the soluble, glycosylated extracellular part of IFN-gammaRalpha has been determined at 2.9 A resolution using multiwavelength anomalous diffraction methods. In addition to the expected 2:1 complex, the crystal structure reveals the presence of a third receptor molecule not directly associated with the IFN-gamma dimer. Two distinct intermolecular contacts, involving the edge strands of the C-terminal domains, are observed between this extra receptor and the 2:1 receptor-ligand complex thereby forming a 3:1 complex. CONCLUSIONS: The observed interactions in the 2:1 complex of the high-affinity cell-surface receptor with the IFN-gamma cytokine are similar to those seen in a previously reported structure where the receptor chains were not glycosylated. The formation of beta-sheet packing interactions between pairs of IFN-gammaRalpha receptors in these crystals suggests a possible model for receptor oligomerization of Ralpha and the structurally homologous Rbeta receptors in the fully active IFN-gamma signaling complex.
Observation of an unexpected third receptor molecule in the crystal structure of human interferon-gamma receptor complex.,Thiel DJ, le Du MH, Walter RL, D'Arcy A, Chene C, Fountoulakis M, Garotta G, Winkler FK, Ealick SE Structure. 2000 Sep 15;8(9):927-36. PMID:10986460[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Jouanguy E, Lamhamedi-Cherradi S, Altare F, Fondaneche MC, Tuerlinckx D, Blanche S, Emile JF, Gaillard JL, Schreiber R, Levin M, Fischer A, Hivroz C, Casanova JL. Partial interferon-gamma receptor 1 deficiency in a child with tuberculoid bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection and a sibling with clinical tuberculosis. J Clin Invest. 1997 Dec 1;100(11):2658-64. PMID:9389728 doi:10.1172/JCI119810
- ↑ Jouanguy E, Dupuis S, Pallier A, Doffinger R, Fondaneche MC, Fieschi C, Lamhamedi-Cherradi S, Altare F, Emile JF, Lutz P, Bordigoni P, Cokugras H, Akcakaya N, Landman-Parker J, Donnadieu J, Camcioglu Y, Casanova JL. In a novel form of IFN-gamma receptor 1 deficiency, cell surface receptors fail to bind IFN-gamma. J Clin Invest. 2000 May;105(10):1429-36. PMID:10811850 doi:10.1172/JCI9166
- ↑ Thiel DJ, le Du MH, Walter RL, D'Arcy A, Chene C, Fountoulakis M, Garotta G, Winkler FK, Ealick SE. Observation of an unexpected third receptor molecule in the crystal structure of human interferon-gamma receptor complex. Structure. 2000 Sep 15;8(9):927-36. PMID:10986460
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