| Structural highlights
1gxd is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: | , , |
| Related: | 1ck7, 1cxw, 1eak, 1gen, 1j7m, 1ks0, 1rtg, 1br9, 2tmp |
| Activity: | Gelatinase A, with EC number 3.4.24.24 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
[MMP2_HUMAN] Defects in MMP2 are the cause of Torg-Winchester syndrome (TWS) [MIM:259600]; also known as multicentric osteolysis nodulosis and arthropathy (MONA). TWS is an autosomal recessive osteolysis syndrome. It is severe with generalized osteolysis and osteopenia. Subcutaneous nodules are usually absent. Torg-Winchester syndrome has been associated with a number of additional features including coarse face, corneal opacities, patches of thickened, hyperpigmented skin, hypertrichosis and gum hypertrophy. However, these features are not always present and have occasionally been observed in other osteolysis syndromes.[1] [2] [3]
Function
[MMP2_HUMAN] Ubiquitinous metalloproteinase that is involved in diverse functions such as remodeling of the vasculature, angiogenesis, tissue repair, tumor invasion, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. As well as degrading extracellular matrix proteins, can also act on several nonmatrix proteins such as big endothelial 1 and beta-type CGRP promoting vasoconstriction. Also cleaves KISS at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Appears to have a role in myocardial cell death pathways. Contributes to myocardial oxidative stress by regulating the activity of GSK3beta. Cleaves GSK3beta in vitro.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] PEX, the C-terminal non-catalytic fragment of MMP2, posseses anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties and inhibits cell migration and cell adhesion to FGF2 and vitronectin. Ligand for integrinv/beta3 on the surface of blood vessels.[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] Isoform 2: Mediates the proteolysis of CHUK/IKKA and initiates a primary innate immune response by inducing mitochondrial-nuclear stress signaling with activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-kappaB, NFAT and IRF transcriptional pathways.[18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [TIMP2_HUMAN] Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Known to act on MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-13, MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-16 and MMP-19.[25] [26] [27]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of multidomain enzymes involved in the physiological degradation of connective tissue, as well as in pathological states such as tumor invasion and arthritis. Apart from transcriptional regulation, MMPs are controlled by proenzyme activation and a class of specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) that bind to the catalytic site. TIMP-2 is a potent inhibitor of MMPs, but it has also been implicated in a unique cell surface activation mechanism of latent MMP-2/gelatinase A/type IV collagenase (proMMP-2), through its binding to the hemopexin domain of proMMP-2 on the one hand and to a membrane-type MMP activator on the other. The present crystal structure of the human proMMP-2/TIMP-2 complex reveals an interaction between the hemopexin domain of proMMP-2 and the C-terminal domain of TIMP-2, leaving the catalytic site of MMP-2 and the inhibitory site of TIMP-2 distant and spatially isolated. The interfacial contact of these two proteins is characterized by two distinct binding regions composed of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. This unique structure provides information for how specificity for noninhibitory MMP/TIMP complex formation is achieved.
Structural insight into the complex formation of latent matrix metalloproteinase 2 with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2.,Morgunova E, Tuuttila A, Bergmann U, Tryggvason K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 28;99(11):7414-9. PMID:12032297[28]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Martignetti JA, Aqeel AA, Sewairi WA, Boumah CE, Kambouris M, Mayouf SA, Sheth KV, Eid WA, Dowling O, Harris J, Glucksman MJ, Bahabri S, Meyer BF, Desnick RJ. Mutation of the matrix metalloproteinase 2 gene (MMP2) causes a multicentric osteolysis and arthritis syndrome. Nat Genet. 2001 Jul;28(3):261-5. PMID:11431697 doi:10.1038/90100
- ↑ Zankl A, Bonafe L, Calcaterra V, Di Rocco M, Superti-Furga A. Winchester syndrome caused by a homozygous mutation affecting the active site of matrix metalloproteinase 2. Clin Genet. 2005 Mar;67(3):261-6. PMID:15691365 doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00402.x
- ↑ Rouzier C, Vanatka R, Bannwarth S, Philip N, Coussement A, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Lambert JC. A novel homozygous MMP2 mutation in a family with Winchester syndrome. Clin Genet. 2006 Mar;69(3):271-6. PMID:16542393 doi:CGE584
- ↑ Brooks PC, Silletti S, von Schalscha TL, Friedlander M, Cheresh DA. Disruption of angiogenesis by PEX, a noncatalytic metalloproteinase fragment with integrin binding activity. Cell. 1998 Feb 6;92(3):391-400. PMID:9476898
- ↑ Fernandez-Patron C, Radomski MW, Davidge ST. Vascular matrix metalloproteinase-2 cleaves big endothelin-1 yielding a novel vasoconstrictor. Circ Res. 1999 Nov 12;85(10):906-11. PMID:10559137
- ↑ Fernandez-Patron C, Stewart KG, Zhang Y, Koivunen E, Radomski MW, Davidge ST. Vascular matrix metalloproteinase-2-dependent cleavage of calcitonin gene-related peptide promotes vasoconstriction. Circ Res. 2000 Oct 13;87(8):670-6. PMID:11029402
- ↑ Bello L, Lucini V, Carrabba G, Giussani C, Machluf M, Pluderi M, Nikas D, Zhang J, Tomei G, Villani RM, Carroll RS, Bikfalvi A, Black PM. Simultaneous inhibition of glioma angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and invasion by a naturally occurring fragment of human metalloproteinase-2. Cancer Res. 2001 Dec 15;61(24):8730-6. PMID:11751392
- ↑ Chattopadhyay N, Mitra A, Frei E, Chatterjee A. Human cervical tumor cell (SiHa) surface alphavbeta3 integrin receptor has associated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) activity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2001 Nov;127(11):653-8. PMID:11710594
- ↑ Kandasamy AD, Schulz R. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is activated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 mediated proteolysis in cardiomyoblasts. Cardiovasc Res. 2009 Sep 1;83(4):698-706. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvp175. Epub 2009 Jun , 3. PMID:19493954 doi:10.1093/cvr/cvp175
- ↑ Lovett DH, Mahimkar R, Raffai RL, Cape L, Maklashina E, Cecchini G, Karliner JS. A novel intracellular isoform of matrix metalloproteinase-2 induced by oxidative stress activates innate immunity. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34177. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034177. Epub 2012 Apr 3. PMID:22509276 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034177
- ↑ Brooks PC, Silletti S, von Schalscha TL, Friedlander M, Cheresh DA. Disruption of angiogenesis by PEX, a noncatalytic metalloproteinase fragment with integrin binding activity. Cell. 1998 Feb 6;92(3):391-400. PMID:9476898
- ↑ Fernandez-Patron C, Radomski MW, Davidge ST. Vascular matrix metalloproteinase-2 cleaves big endothelin-1 yielding a novel vasoconstrictor. Circ Res. 1999 Nov 12;85(10):906-11. PMID:10559137
- ↑ Fernandez-Patron C, Stewart KG, Zhang Y, Koivunen E, Radomski MW, Davidge ST. Vascular matrix metalloproteinase-2-dependent cleavage of calcitonin gene-related peptide promotes vasoconstriction. Circ Res. 2000 Oct 13;87(8):670-6. PMID:11029402
- ↑ Bello L, Lucini V, Carrabba G, Giussani C, Machluf M, Pluderi M, Nikas D, Zhang J, Tomei G, Villani RM, Carroll RS, Bikfalvi A, Black PM. Simultaneous inhibition of glioma angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and invasion by a naturally occurring fragment of human metalloproteinase-2. Cancer Res. 2001 Dec 15;61(24):8730-6. PMID:11751392
- ↑ Chattopadhyay N, Mitra A, Frei E, Chatterjee A. Human cervical tumor cell (SiHa) surface alphavbeta3 integrin receptor has associated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) activity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2001 Nov;127(11):653-8. PMID:11710594
- ↑ Kandasamy AD, Schulz R. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is activated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 mediated proteolysis in cardiomyoblasts. Cardiovasc Res. 2009 Sep 1;83(4):698-706. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvp175. Epub 2009 Jun , 3. PMID:19493954 doi:10.1093/cvr/cvp175
- ↑ Lovett DH, Mahimkar R, Raffai RL, Cape L, Maklashina E, Cecchini G, Karliner JS. A novel intracellular isoform of matrix metalloproteinase-2 induced by oxidative stress activates innate immunity. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34177. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034177. Epub 2012 Apr 3. PMID:22509276 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034177
- ↑ Brooks PC, Silletti S, von Schalscha TL, Friedlander M, Cheresh DA. Disruption of angiogenesis by PEX, a noncatalytic metalloproteinase fragment with integrin binding activity. Cell. 1998 Feb 6;92(3):391-400. PMID:9476898
- ↑ Fernandez-Patron C, Radomski MW, Davidge ST. Vascular matrix metalloproteinase-2 cleaves big endothelin-1 yielding a novel vasoconstrictor. Circ Res. 1999 Nov 12;85(10):906-11. PMID:10559137
- ↑ Fernandez-Patron C, Stewart KG, Zhang Y, Koivunen E, Radomski MW, Davidge ST. Vascular matrix metalloproteinase-2-dependent cleavage of calcitonin gene-related peptide promotes vasoconstriction. Circ Res. 2000 Oct 13;87(8):670-6. PMID:11029402
- ↑ Bello L, Lucini V, Carrabba G, Giussani C, Machluf M, Pluderi M, Nikas D, Zhang J, Tomei G, Villani RM, Carroll RS, Bikfalvi A, Black PM. Simultaneous inhibition of glioma angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and invasion by a naturally occurring fragment of human metalloproteinase-2. Cancer Res. 2001 Dec 15;61(24):8730-6. PMID:11751392
- ↑ Chattopadhyay N, Mitra A, Frei E, Chatterjee A. Human cervical tumor cell (SiHa) surface alphavbeta3 integrin receptor has associated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) activity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2001 Nov;127(11):653-8. PMID:11710594
- ↑ Kandasamy AD, Schulz R. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is activated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 mediated proteolysis in cardiomyoblasts. Cardiovasc Res. 2009 Sep 1;83(4):698-706. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvp175. Epub 2009 Jun , 3. PMID:19493954 doi:10.1093/cvr/cvp175
- ↑ Lovett DH, Mahimkar R, Raffai RL, Cape L, Maklashina E, Cecchini G, Karliner JS. A novel intracellular isoform of matrix metalloproteinase-2 induced by oxidative stress activates innate immunity. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34177. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034177. Epub 2012 Apr 3. PMID:22509276 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034177
- ↑ Stetler-Stevenson WG, Krutzsch HC, Liotta LA. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2). A new member of the metalloproteinase inhibitor family. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 15;264(29):17374-8. PMID:2793861
- ↑ Goldberg GI, Marmer BL, Grant GA, Eisen AZ, Wilhelm S, He CS. Human 72-kilodalton type IV collagenase forms a complex with a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases designated TIMP-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Nov;86(21):8207-11. PMID:2554304
- ↑ Chattopadhyay N, Mitra A, Frei E, Chatterjee A. Human cervical tumor cell (SiHa) surface alphavbeta3 integrin receptor has associated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) activity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2001 Nov;127(11):653-8. PMID:11710594
- ↑ Morgunova E, Tuuttila A, Bergmann U, Tryggvason K. Structural insight into the complex formation of latent matrix metalloproteinase 2 with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 28;99(11):7414-9. PMID:12032297 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.102185399
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