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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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The malarial aspartic proteinases (plasmepsins) have been discovered in several species of Plasmodium, including all four of the human malarial pathogens. In P.falciparum, plasmepsins I, II, IV and HAP have been directly implicated in hemoglobin degradation during malaria infection, and are now considered targets for anti-malarial drug design. The plasmepsins are produced from inactive zymogens, proplasmepsins, having unusually long N-terminal prosegments of more than 120 amino acids. Structural and biochemical evidence suggests that the conversion process of proplasmepsins to plasmepsins differs substantially from the gastric and plant aspartic proteinases. Instead of blocking substrate access to a pre-formed active site, the prosegment enforces a conformation in which proplasmepsin cannot form a functional active site. We have determined crystal structures of plasmepsin and proplasmepsin from P.vivax. The three-dimensional structure of P.vivax plasmepsin is typical of the monomeric aspartic proteinases, and the structure of P.vivax proplasmepsin is similar to that of P.falciparum proplasmepsin II. A dramatic refolding of the mature N terminus and a large (18 degrees ) reorientation of the N-domain between P.vivax proplasmepsin and plasmepsin results in a severe distortion of the active site region of the zymogen relative to that of the mature enzyme. The present structures confirm that the mode of inactivation observed originally in P.falciparum proplasmepsin II, i.e. an incompletely formed active site, is a true structural feature and likely represents the general mode of inactivation of the related proplasmepsins.
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Plasmepsin IV from Plasmodium falciparum (PM IV) is a promising target for the development of novel antimalarial drugs. Here, the crystal structure of the truncated zymogen of PM IV (pPM IV), consisting of the mature enzyme plus a prosegment of 47 residues, has been determined at 1.5 A resolution. pPM IV presents the fold previously described for studied proplasmepsins, displaying closer similarities to proplasmepin IV from P. vivax (pPvPM) than to the other two proplasmepsins from P. falciparum. The study and comparison of the pPM IV structure with the proplasmepsin structures described previously provide information about the similarities and differences in the inactivation-activation mechanisms among the plasmepsin zymogens.
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Structural insights into the activation of P. vivax plasmepsin.,Bernstein NK, Cherney MM, Yowell CA, Dame JB, James MN J Mol Biol. 2003 Jun 6;329(3):505-24. PMID:12767832<ref>PMID:12767832</ref>
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Crystal structure of Plasmodium falciparum proplasmepsin IV: the plasticity of proplasmepsins.,Recacha R, Jaudzems K, Akopjana I, Jirgensons A, Tars K Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2016 Sep;72(Pt 9):659-66. doi:, 10.1107/S2053230X16011663. Epub 2016 Aug 9. PMID:27599854<ref>PMID:27599854</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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==See Also==
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*[[Plasmepsin|Plasmepsin]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>

Revision as of 06:17, 18 April 2018

Structure of proplasmepsin II from Plasmodium falciparum, Space Group P43212

5bwy, resolution 2.64Å

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