| Structural highlights
Function
[PDC1_YEAST] Major of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-ketoacids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The crystal structure of brewers' yeast pyruvate decarboxylase, a thiamin diphosphate dependent alpha-keto acid decarboxylase, has been determined to 2.4-A resolution. The homotetrameric assembly contains two dimers, exhibiting strong intermonomer interactions within each dimer but more limited ones between dimers. Each monomeric subunit is partitioned into three structural domains, all folding according to a mixed alpha/beta motif. Two of these domains are associated with cofactor binding, while the other is associated with substrate activation. The catalytic centers containing both thiamin diphosphate and Mg(II) are located deep in the intermonomer interface within each dimer. Amino acids important in cofactor binding and likely to participate in catalysis and substrate activation are identified.
Catalytic centers in the thiamin diphosphate dependent enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase at 2.4-A resolution.,Dyda F, Furey W, Swaminathan S, Sax M, Farrenkopf B, Jordan F Biochemistry. 1993 Jun 22;32(24):6165-70. PMID:8512926[11]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Lehmann H, Fischer G, Hubner G, Kohnert KD, Schellenberger A. The influence of steric and electronic parameters on the substrate behavior of -oxo acids to yeast pyruvate decarboxylase. Eur J Biochem. 1973 Jan 3;32(1):83-7. PMID:4687392
- ↑ Liesen T, Hollenberg CP, Heinisch JJ. ERA, a novel cis-acting element required for autoregulation and ethanol repression of PDC1 transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol. 1996 Aug;21(3):621-32. PMID:8866484
- ↑ Dickinson JR, Lanterman MM, Danner DJ, Pearson BM, Sanz P, Harrison SJ, Hewlins MJ. A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the metabolism of leucine to isoamyl alcohol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 1997 Oct 24;272(43):26871-8. PMID:9341119
- ↑ Dickinson JR, Harrison SJ, Hewlins MJ. An investigation of the metabolism of valine to isobutyl alcohol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 2;273(40):25751-6. PMID:9748245
- ↑ Flikweert MT, de Swaaf M, van Dijken JP, Pronk JT. Growth requirements of pyruvate-decarboxylase-negative Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999 May 1;174(1):73-9. PMID:10234824
- ↑ Eberhardt I, Cederberg H, Li H, Konig S, Jordan F, Hohmann S. Autoregulation of yeast pyruvate decarboxylase gene expression requires the enzyme but not its catalytic activity. Eur J Biochem. 1999 May;262(1):191-201. PMID:10231381
- ↑ Dickinson JR, Harrison SJ, Dickinson JA, Hewlins MJ. An investigation of the metabolism of isoleucine to active Amyl alcohol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 14;275(15):10937-42. PMID:10753893
- ↑ Neuser F, Zorn H, Berger RG. Generation of odorous acyloins by yeast pyruvate decarboxylases and their occurrence in sherry and soy sauce. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Dec;48(12):6191-5. PMID:11141278
- ↑ Dickinson JR, Salgado LE, Hewlins MJ. The catabolism of amino acids to long chain and complex alcohols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 7;278(10):8028-34. Epub 2002 Dec 23. PMID:12499363 doi:10.1074/jbc.M211914200
- ↑ Vuralhan Z, Morais MA, Tai SL, Piper MD, Pronk JT. Identification and characterization of phenylpyruvate decarboxylase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Aug;69(8):4534-41. PMID:12902239
- ↑ Dyda F, Furey W, Swaminathan S, Sax M, Farrenkopf B, Jordan F. Catalytic centers in the thiamin diphosphate dependent enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase at 2.4-A resolution. Biochemistry. 1993 Jun 22;32(24):6165-70. PMID:8512926
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