| Structural highlights
Function
[ROCK2_BOVIN] Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of ADD1, BRCA2, CNN1, EZR, DPYSL2, EP300, MSN, MYL9/MLC2, NPM1, RDX, PPP1R12A and VIM. Phosphorylates SORL1 and IRF4. Acts as a negative regulator of VEGF-induced angiogenic endothelial cell activation. Positively regulates the activation of p42/MAPK1-p44/MAPK3 and of p90RSK/RPS6KA1 during myogenic differentiation. Plays an important role in the timely initiation of centrosome duplication. Inhibits keratinocyte terminal differentiation. May regulate closure of the eyelids and ventral body wall through organization of actomyosin bundles. Plays a critical role in the regulation of spine and synaptic properties in the hippocampus.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Rho-kinase is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates cytoskeletal events in cells. The enzyme activity of Rho-kinase is auto-inhibited in the free state but is activated through direct binding to the small GTPase Rho in the GTP-bound form. The crystal structure of the Rho-binding domain (RhoBD) of Rho-kinase has been determined at 1.8-A resolution by the multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion technique. The structure shows that RhoBD dimerizes to form a parallel coiled-coil with long consecutive alpha-helices extended to approximately 97 A and suggests that free Rho-kinase can also form a dimer through parallel self-association. At the middle region of the coiled-coil, the polypeptide chains are flexible and display loose "knobs-into-holes" packing of the side chains from both chains. RhoBD residues that have been shown to be critical for Rho-binding are spread in the positively charged C-terminal region. The parallel coiled-coil structure of our Rho-kinase RhoBD in the free form is different from the anti-parallel coiled-coil structure of RhoBD of protein kinase N when complexed with RhoA. Implications derived from these structural studies in relation to the mechanism of Rho-kinase activation will be addressed with previously reported experimental data.
Parallel coiled-coil association of the RhoA-binding domain in Rho-kinase.,Shimizu T, Ihara K, Maesaki R, Amano M, Kaibuchi K, Hakoshima T J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 14;278(46):46046-51. Epub 2003 Sep 3. PMID:12954645[8]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Matsui T, Amano M, Yamamoto T, Chihara K, Nakafuku M, Ito M, Nakano T, Okawa K, Iwamatsu A, Kaibuchi K. Rho-associated kinase, a novel serine/threonine kinase, as a putative target for small GTP binding protein Rho. EMBO J. 1996 May 1;15(9):2208-16. PMID:8641286
- ↑ Amano M, Ito M, Kimura K, Fukata Y, Chihara K, Nakano T, Matsuura Y, Kaibuchi K. Phosphorylation and activation of myosin by Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase). J Biol Chem. 1996 Aug 23;271(34):20246-9. PMID:8702756
- ↑ Goto H, Kosako H, Tanabe K, Yanagida M, Sakurai M, Amano M, Kaibuchi K, Inagaki M. Phosphorylation of vimentin by Rho-associated kinase at a unique amino-terminal site that is specifically phosphorylated during cytokinesis. J Biol Chem. 1998 May 8;273(19):11728-36. PMID:9565595
- ↑ Matsui T, Maeda M, Doi Y, Yonemura S, Amano M, Kaibuchi K, Tsukita S, Tsukita S. Rho-kinase phosphorylates COOH-terminal threonines of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins and regulates their head-to-tail association. J Cell Biol. 1998 Feb 9;140(3):647-57. PMID:9456324
- ↑ Fukata Y, Oshiro N, Kinoshita N, Kawano Y, Matsuoka Y, Bennett V, Matsuura Y, Kaibuchi K. Phosphorylation of adducin by Rho-kinase plays a crucial role in cell motility. J Cell Biol. 1999 Apr 19;145(2):347-61. PMID:10209029
- ↑ Kaneko T, Amano M, Maeda A, Goto H, Takahashi K, Ito M, Kaibuchi K. Identification of calponin as a novel substrate of Rho-kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):110-6. PMID:10873572 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.2901
- ↑ Arimura N, Inagaki N, Chihara K, Menager C, Nakamura N, Amano M, Iwamatsu A, Goshima Y, Kaibuchi K. Phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein-2 by Rho-kinase. Evidence for two separate signaling pathways for growth cone collapse. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 4;275(31):23973-80. PMID:10818093 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M001032200
- ↑ Shimizu T, Ihara K, Maesaki R, Amano M, Kaibuchi K, Hakoshima T. Parallel coiled-coil association of the RhoA-binding domain in Rho-kinase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 14;278(46):46046-51. Epub 2003 Sep 3. PMID:12954645 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M306458200
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