5nb2

Structural highlights

Disease

[CO4A2_HUMAN] Defects in COL4A2 are the cause of porencephaly type 2 (POREN2) [MIM:614483]. POREN2 is a neurologic disorder characterized by a fluid-filled cysts or cavities within the cerebral hemispheres. Affected individuals typically have hemiplegia, seizures, and intellectual disability. Porencephaly type 2, or schizencephalic porencephaly, is usually symmetric and represents a primary defect in the development of the cerebral ventricles.^[1] Defects in COL4A2 are a cause of susceptibility to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) [MIM:614519]. ICH is a pathological condition characterized by bleeding into one or both cerebral hemispheres including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. It is often associated with hypertension and craniocerebral trauma. Intracerebral bleeding is a common cause of stroke.^[2]

Function

[CO4A2_HUMAN] Type IV collagen is the major structural component of glomerular basement membranes (GBM), forming a 'chicken-wire' meshwork together with laminins, proteoglycans and entactin/nidogen.^{[3] [4] [5]} Canstatin, a cleavage product corresponding to the collagen alpha 2(IV) NC1 domain, possesses both anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor cell activity. It inhibits proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces apoptosis. Specifically induces Fas-dependent apoptosis and activates procaspase-8 and -9 activity. Ligand for alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins.^{[6] [7] [8]}

References

1. ↑ Yoneda Y, Haginoya K, Arai H, Yamaoka S, Tsurusaki Y, Doi H, Miyake N, Yokochi K, Osaka H, Kato M, Matsumoto N, Saitsu H. De novo and inherited mutations in COL4A2, encoding the type IV collagen alpha2 chain cause porencephaly. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Jan 13;90(1):86-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.016. Epub, 2011 Dec 29. PMID:22209246 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.016
2. ↑ Jeanne M, Labelle-Dumais C, Jorgensen J, Kauffman WB, Mancini GM, Favor J, Valant V, Greenberg SM, Rosand J, Gould DB. COL4A2 mutations impair COL4A1 and COL4A2 secretion and cause hemorrhagic stroke. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Jan 13;90(1):91-101. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.022. Epub, 2011 Dec 29. PMID:22209247 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.022
3. ↑ Kamphaus GD, Colorado PC, Panka DJ, Hopfer H, Ramchandran R, Torre A, Maeshima Y, Mier JW, Sukhatme VP, Kalluri R. Canstatin, a novel matrix-derived inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 14;275(2):1209-15. PMID:10625665
4. ↑ Panka DJ, Mier JW. Canstatin inhibits Akt activation and induces Fas-dependent apoptosis in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 26;278(39):37632-6. Epub 2003 Jul 22. PMID:12876280 doi:10.1074/jbc.M307339200
5. ↑ Magnon C, Galaup A, Mullan B, Rouffiac V, Bouquet C, Bidart JM, Griscelli F, Opolon P, Perricaudet M. Canstatin acts on endothelial and tumor cells via mitochondrial damage initiated through interaction with alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins. Cancer Res. 2005 May 15;65(10):4353-61. PMID:15899827 doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3536
6. ↑ Kamphaus GD, Colorado PC, Panka DJ, Hopfer H, Ramchandran R, Torre A, Maeshima Y, Mier JW, Sukhatme VP, Kalluri R. Canstatin, a novel matrix-derived inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 14;275(2):1209-15. PMID:10625665
7. ↑ Panka DJ, Mier JW. Canstatin inhibits Akt activation and induces Fas-dependent apoptosis in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 26;278(39):37632-6. Epub 2003 Jul 22. PMID:12876280 doi:10.1074/jbc.M307339200
8. ↑ Magnon C, Galaup A, Mullan B, Rouffiac V, Bouquet C, Bidart JM, Griscelli F, Opolon P, Perricaudet M. Canstatin acts on endothelial and tumor cells via mitochondrial damage initiated through interaction with alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins. Cancer Res. 2005 May 15;65(10):4353-61. PMID:15899827 doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3536