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Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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'''tRNA''' or '''transfer RNA''' is stable, structured RNA present in all living cells. tRNA participates in the process of protein [[translation]] by the [[ribosome]]. Varying tRNA molecules carry a specific amino acid esterified on their 3'-OH group (the acceptor end). They also carry a specific triplet sequence, the '''anticodon''', which pairs with its complementary '''codon''' on the messenger RNA, within the ribosome.
'''tRNA''' or '''transfer RNA''' is stable, structured RNA present in all living cells. tRNA participates in the process of protein [[translation]] by the [[ribosome]]. Varying tRNA molecules carry a specific amino acid esterified on their 3'-OH group (the acceptor end). They also carry a specific triplet sequence, the '''anticodon''', which pairs with its complementary '''codon''' on the messenger RNA, within the ribosome.
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Cells usually have sets of tRNAs corresponding to all 20 standard amino acids, with anticodons capable of pairing with the 61 "sense" or coding codons. The secondary structure of tRNA is well conserved throughout evolution, with a classical cloverleaf fold comprising four stems. In three dimensions, tRNA adopt an "L" shape, with the acceptor end on one end and the anticodon on the other end.
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Cells usually have sets of tRNAs corresponding to all 20 standard amino acids, with anticodons capable of pairing with the 61 "sense" or coding codons. The secondary structure of tRNA is well conserved throughout evolution, with a classical cloverleaf fold comprising four stems (shown in cyan, blue, red and yellow). <scene name='43/433638/Fullview_cartoon/9'>In three dimensions</scene>, tRNA adopt an "L" shape, with the <jmol>
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<jmolLink>
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<script> select 73-76; spacefill on; delay 0.5; spacefill off;
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</script>
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<text>acceptor end</text>
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</jmolLink>
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</jmol> on one end and the <jmol>
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<jmolLink>
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<script> select 34-36 and sidechain; color cpk; select 34-36; spacefill on; delay 0.5; spacefill off;
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</script>
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<text>anticodon</text>
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</jmolLink>
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</jmol> on the other end.
After incorporation of the amino acid into the nascent protein chain by the ribosome, tRNA need to be esterified again ('charged') with their cognate amino acid, a process which is catalysed by a family of enzymes called [[Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase]]s.
After incorporation of the amino acid into the nascent protein chain by the ribosome, tRNA need to be esterified again ('charged') with their cognate amino acid, a process which is catalysed by a family of enzymes called [[Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase]]s.

Revision as of 13:15, 30 October 2018

Phenylalanine-tRNA from yeast (PDB code 1ehz)

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3D Structures of tRNA

Updated on 30-October-2018


See Also

References

  1. ↑ Monajemi H, Omar NY, Daud MN, Zain SM, Abdullah WA. The role of initiator tRNAimet in fidelity of initiation of protein synthesis. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2011 Sep;30(9):726-39. doi:, 10.1080/15257770.2011.605780. PMID:21902474 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2011.605780
  2. ↑ Motorin Y, Helm M. tRNA stabilization by modified nucleotides. Biochemistry. 2010 Jun 22;49(24):4934-44. PMID:20459084 doi:10.1021/bi100408z
  3. ↑ Kim SH, Suddath FL, Quigley GJ, McPherson A, Sussman JL, Wang AH, Seeman NC, Rich A. Three-dimensional tertiary structure of yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA. Science. 1974 Aug 2;185(4149):435-40. PMID:4601792
  4. ↑ Kim SH, Sussman JL, Suddath FL, Quigley GJ, McPherson A, Wang AH, Seeman NC, RICH A. The general structure of transfer RNA molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Dec;71(12):4970-4. PMID:4612535

Reference for the structure

  • Shi H, Moore PB. The crystal structure of yeast phenylalanine tRNA at 1.93 A resolution: a classic structure revisited. RNA. 2000 Aug;6(8):1091-105. PMID:10943889
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