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The protein, Kgp, is being studied in the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis. Kgp is a virulence factor of P. gingivalis that cleaves many constituents of connective tissue, leading to decreased bactericidal activity and chronic inflammation of the gums. Virulence is due to nutrient acquisition, cleavage of host cell surface receptors, signaling via protease activated receptors, and inactivation of cytokines and of the complement system.

Disease

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe that causes periodontitis. P. gingivalis degrades the immune and inflammatory response, giving them access to the circulatory system, allowing them to start and increase severity of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and rheumatoid arthritis.

Relevance

Bacteria usually benefit human health, but if they are a susceptible host, they can become pathogenic and cause infection and disease. This is happening at a faster rate as the pathogens become more resistant to antibiotics as time passes and the pharmaceutical industry neglects to create new antimicrobials that could combat the growing virulence of these resistant pathogens. By studying Kgp, scientists hope to find a suitable inhibitor for this protein.

Structural highlights

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