RNA
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| - | '''ribonucleic acid''' or ''RNA''' is a molecule which is one of the carriers of genetic information in nearly all the living organisms. It contains the biological instructions for the development, survival and reproduction of organisms. | + | '''RNA''' ('''r'''ibo'''n'''ucleic '''a'''cid) is a biological macromolecule that stores genetic information, catalyzes reactions and regulates biological processes. Just like the other nucleic acid DNA, it is a linear polymer (a "strand") of nucleotide building blocks, which themselves are made up of the sugar ribose linked to a (nitrogenous) base and a phosphate. Structurally, it utilizes a different set of bases than DNA, and it sugar (ribose) contains one additional hydroxyl group compared to that of DNA (deoxyribose). Different than DNA, which mostly occurs in pairs of complementary strands, RNA mostly lacks a complimentary strand, leading to a larger variety of 3D structures and biological functions. |
| - | RNA is transcribed from [[DNA]]. | + | |
| + | <!-- '''ribonucleic acid''' or ''RNA''' is a molecule which is one of the carriers of genetic information in nearly all the living organisms. It contains the biological instructions for the development, survival and reproduction of organisms. | ||
| + | RNA is transcribed from [[DNA]]. !--> | ||
Revision as of 12:58, 21 December 2018
RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a biological macromolecule that stores genetic information, catalyzes reactions and regulates biological processes. Just like the other nucleic acid DNA, it is a linear polymer (a "strand") of nucleotide building blocks, which themselves are made up of the sugar ribose linked to a (nitrogenous) base and a phosphate. Structurally, it utilizes a different set of bases than DNA, and it sugar (ribose) contains one additional hydroxyl group compared to that of DNA (deoxyribose). Different than DNA, which mostly occurs in pairs of complementary strands, RNA mostly lacks a complimentary strand, leading to a larger variety of 3D structures and biological functions.
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Transcription and Translation
The expression of genes into proteins and is a process involving two stages called transcription and translation. In the transcription stage a strand of DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule called messenger RNA. In the case of RNAs that code for polypetides, this messenger RNA is then translated into proteins on ribosomes.
Post-transcriptionally, specific nucleotides in RNA are often further modified. This is most frequent in [tRNA|transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNAs)]], the adapter molecules of Translation, and ribosomal ribonucleic acids (rRNAs) of the ribosome.
See Also
- Ribosome
- Translation
- DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation
- Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA)
- Ribozyme
- Kink-turn motif
- Pseudouridine
- Non-Standard Residues
- DNA
- For additional information, see: Nucleic Acids
External Resources
- HD-RNAS: Hierarchical Database of RNA Structures is a systematic hierarchical organization classifying all RNAs available in the Protein Data Bank. This helps make it easier to navigate the availble structural data given the large numbers of redundant files and ambiguous synthetic sequences.
- Liley Database
