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| | ==Crystal structure of the human TLR4-human MD-2-E.coli LPS Ra complex== | | ==Crystal structure of the human TLR4-human MD-2-E.coli LPS Ra complex== |
| - | <StructureSection load='3fxi' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3fxi]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.10Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='3fxi' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3fxi]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.10Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3fxi]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. The November 2011 RCSB PDB [http://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Toll-like Receptors'' by David Goodsell is [http://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2011_11 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2011_11]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3FXI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3FXI FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3fxi]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. The November 2011 RCSB PDB [https://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Toll-like Receptors'' by David Goodsell is [https://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2011_11 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2011_11]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3FXI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3FXI FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DAO:LAURIC+ACID'>DAO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FTT:3-HYDROXY-TETRADECANOIC+ACID'>FTT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GCS:D-GLUCOSAMINE'>GCS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GMH:L-GLYCERO-D-MANNO-HEPTOPYRANOSE'>GMH</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=KDO:3-DEOXY-D-MANNO-OCT-2-ULOSONIC+ACID'>KDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MYR:MYRISTIC+ACID'>MYR</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PA1:2-AMINO-2-DEOXY-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE'>PA1</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DAO:LAURIC+ACID'>DAO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FTT:3-HYDROXY-TETRADECANOIC+ACID'>FTT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MYR:MYRISTIC+ACID'>MYR</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GCS:D-GLUCOSAMINE'>GCS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GMH:L-GLYCERO-D-MANNO-HEPTOPYRANOSE'>GMH</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=KDO:3-DEOXY-D-MANNO-OCT-2-ULOSONIC+ACID'>KDO</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">TLR4 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), ESOP1, LY96, MD-2, MD2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> | + | <tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PA1:2-AMINO-2-DEOXY-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE'>PA1</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3fxi FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3fxi OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3fxi PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3fxi RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3fxi PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3fxi ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">TLR4 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), ESOP1, LY96, MD-2, MD2 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> |
| | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3fxi FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3fxi OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3fxi PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3fxi RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3fxi PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3fxi ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TLR4_HUMAN TLR4_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in TLR4 is associated with age-related macular degeneration type 10 (ARMD10) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/611488 611488]]. ARMD is a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane. | + | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TLR4_HUMAN TLR4_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in TLR4 is associated with age-related macular degeneration type 10 (ARMD10) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/611488 611488]]. ARMD is a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane. |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TLR4_HUMAN TLR4_HUMAN]] Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by Ni(2+). These responses require non-conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific.<ref>PMID:20711192</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LY96_HUMAN LY96_HUMAN]] Cooperates with TLR4 in the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and with TLR2 in the response to cell wall components from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Enhances TLR4-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B. Cells expressing both MD2 and TLR4, but not TLR4 alone, respond to LPS. | + | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TLR4_HUMAN TLR4_HUMAN]] Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by Ni(2+). These responses require non-conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific.<ref>PMID:20711192</ref> [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LY96_HUMAN LY96_HUMAN]] Cooperates with TLR4 in the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and with TLR2 in the response to cell wall components from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Enhances TLR4-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B. Cells expressing both MD2 and TLR4, but not TLR4 alone, respond to LPS. |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| - | *[[Toll-like Receptors|Toll-like Receptors]] | + | *[[Toll-like Receptor 3D structures|Toll-like Receptor 3D structures]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
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| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| | [[Category: Human]] | | [[Category: Human]] |
| | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| | [[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]] | | [[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]] |
| | [[Category: Toll-like Receptors]] | | [[Category: Toll-like Receptors]] |
| Structural highlights
3fxi is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Human. The November 2011 RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month feature on Toll-like Receptors by David Goodsell is 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2011_11. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: | , , , , , , , , |
| NonStd Res: | |
| Gene: | TLR4 (HUMAN), ESOP1, LY96, MD-2, MD2 (HUMAN) |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
[TLR4_HUMAN] Genetic variation in TLR4 is associated with age-related macular degeneration type 10 (ARMD10) [MIM:611488]. ARMD is a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane.
Function
[TLR4_HUMAN] Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by Ni(2+). These responses require non-conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific.[1] [LY96_HUMAN] Cooperates with TLR4 in the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and with TLR2 in the response to cell wall components from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Enhances TLR4-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B. Cells expressing both MD2 and TLR4, but not TLR4 alone, respond to LPS.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram negative bacteria is a well-known inducer of the innate immune response. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) form a heterodimer that recognizes a common 'pattern' in structurally diverse LPS molecules. To understand the ligand specificity and receptor activation mechanism of the TLR4-MD-2-LPS complex we determined its crystal structure. LPS binding induced the formation of an m-shaped receptor multimer composed of two copies of the TLR4-MD-2-LPS complex arranged symmetrically. LPS interacts with a large hydrophobic pocket in MD-2 and directly bridges the two components of the multimer. Five of the six lipid chains of LPS are buried deep inside the pocket and the remaining chain is exposed to the surface of MD-2, forming a hydrophobic interaction with the conserved phenylalanines of TLR4. The F126 loop of MD-2 undergoes localized structural change and supports this core hydrophobic interface by making hydrophilic interactions with TLR4. Comparison with the structures of tetra-acylated antagonists bound to MD-2 indicates that two other lipid chains in LPS displace the phosphorylated glucosamine backbone by approximately 5 A towards the solvent area. This structural shift allows phosphate groups of LPS to contribute to receptor multimerization by forming ionic interactions with a cluster of positively charged residues in TLR4 and MD-2. The TLR4-MD-2-LPS structure illustrates the remarkable versatility of the ligand recognition mechanisms employed by the TLR family, which is essential for defence against diverse microbial infection.
The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD-2 complex.,Park BS, Song DH, Kim HM, Choi BS, Lee H, Lee JO Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1191-5. Epub 2009 Mar 1. PMID:19252480[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Muller V, Vogl T, Fejer G, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Kalis C, Nielsen PJ, Galanos C, Roth J, Skerra A, Martin SF, Freudenberg MA, Goebeler M. Crucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel. Nat Immunol. 2010 Sep;11(9):814-9. doi: 10.1038/ni.1919. Epub 2010 Aug 15. PMID:20711192 doi:10.1038/ni.1919
- ↑ Park BS, Song DH, Kim HM, Choi BS, Lee H, Lee JO. The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD-2 complex. Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1191-5. Epub 2009 Mar 1. PMID:19252480 doi:10.1038/nature07830
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