| Structural highlights
Disease
[DNLI4_HUMAN] Defects in LIG4 are the cause of LIG4 syndrome (LIG4S) [MIM:606593]. This disease is characterized by immunodeficiency and developmental and growth delay. Patients display unusual facial features, microcephaly, growth and/or developmental delay, pancytopenia, and various skin abnormalities.[1] Defects in LIG4 are a cause of severe combined immunodeficiency autosomal recessive T-cell-negative/B-cell-negative/NK-cell-positive with sensitivity to ionizing radiation (RSSCID) [MIM:602450]. SCID refers to a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. Patients with SCID present in infancy with recurrent, persistent infections by opportunistic organisms. The common characteristic of all types of SCID is absence of T-cell-mediated cellular immunity due to a defect in T-cell development. Individuals affected by RS-SCID show defects in the DNA repair machinery necessary for coding joint formation and the completion of V(D)J recombination. A subset of cells from such patients show increased radiosensitivity.
Function
[DNLI4_HUMAN] Efficiently joins single-strand breaks in a double-stranded polydeoxynucleotide in an ATP-dependent reaction. Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. The LIG4-XRCC4 complex is responsible for the NHEJ ligation step, and XRCC4 enhances the joining activity of LIG4. Binding of the LIG4-XRCC4 complex to DNA ends is dependent on the assembly of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK to these DNA ends.[2] [3]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
DNA ligase IV (LigIV) performs the final DNA nick-sealing step of classical nonhomologous end-joining, which is critical for immunoglobulin gene maturation and efficient repair of genotoxic DNA double-strand breaks. Hypomorphic LigIV mutations cause extreme radiation sensitivity and immunodeficiency in humans. To better understand the unique features of LigIV function, here we report the crystal structure of the catalytic core of human LigIV in complex with a nicked nucleic acid substrate in two distinct states-an open lysyl-AMP intermediate, and a closed DNA-adenylate form. Results from structural and mutagenesis experiments unveil a dynamic LigIV DNA encirclement mechanism characterized by extensive interdomain interactions and active site phosphoanhydride coordination, all of which are required for efficient DNA nick sealing. These studies provide a scaffold for defining impacts of LigIV catalytic core mutations and deficiencies in human LIG4 syndrome.
Structures of DNA-bound human ligase IV catalytic core reveal insights into substrate binding and catalysis.,Kaminski AM, Tumbale PP, Schellenberg MJ, Williams RS, Williams JG, Kunkel TA, Pedersen LC, Bebenek K Nat Commun. 2018 Jul 6;9(1):2642. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05024-8. PMID:29980672[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ O'Driscoll M, Cerosaletti KM, Girard PM, Dai Y, Stumm M, Kysela B, Hirsch B, Gennery A, Palmer SE, Seidel J, Gatti RA, Varon R, Oettinger MA, Neitzel H, Jeggo PA, Concannon P. DNA ligase IV mutations identified in patients exhibiting developmental delay and immunodeficiency. Mol Cell. 2001 Dec;8(6):1175-85. PMID:11779494
- ↑ Grawunder U, Zimmer D, Fugmann S, Schwarz K, Lieber MR. DNA ligase IV is essential for V(D)J recombination and DNA double-strand break repair in human precursor lymphocytes. Mol Cell. 1998 Oct;2(4):477-84. PMID:9809069
- ↑ Chen L, Trujillo K, Sung P, Tomkinson AE. Interactions of the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex with DNA ends and the DNA-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 25;275(34):26196-205. PMID:10854421 doi:10.1074/jbc.M000491200
- ↑ Kaminski AM, Tumbale PP, Schellenberg MJ, Williams RS, Williams JG, Kunkel TA, Pedersen LC, Bebenek K. Structures of DNA-bound human ligase IV catalytic core reveal insights into substrate binding and catalysis. Nat Commun. 2018 Jul 6;9(1):2642. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05024-8. PMID:29980672 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05024-8
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