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| | <StructureSection load='4nnj' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4nnj]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='4nnj' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4nnj]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4nnj]] is a 5 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker's_yeast Baker's yeast]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4NNJ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4NNJ FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4nnj]] is a 5 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae_S288C Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4NNJ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4NNJ FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AMP:ADENOSINE+MONOPHOSPHATE'>AMP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AMP:ADENOSINE+MONOPHOSPHATE'>AMP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">UBA1, YKL210W ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=559292 Baker's yeast]), SCD2, UBI4, YLL039C ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=559292 Baker's yeast])</td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4nnj FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4nnj OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4nnj PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4nnj RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4nnj PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4nnj ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4nnj FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4nnj OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4nnj PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4nnj RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4nnj PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4nnj ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBA1_YEAST UBA1_YEAST]] Activates ubiquitin by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, and thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of a cysteine residue in E1, yielding an ubiquitin-E1 thioester and free AMP. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBI4P_YEAST UBI4P_YEAST]] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBI4P_YEAST UBI4P_YEAST] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | | | |
| | ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| - | *[[Ubiquitin activating enzyme|Ubiquitin activating enzyme]] | + | *[[3D structures of Ubiquitin activating enzyme|3D structures of Ubiquitin activating enzyme]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Baker's yeast]] | |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Schaefer, A]] | + | [[Category: Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]] |
| - | [[Category: Schindelin, H]] | + | [[Category: Schaefer A]] |
| - | [[Category: Acyladenylate]] | + | [[Category: Schindelin H]] |
| - | [[Category: Amp]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Protein binding]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Thioesterified ub]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Uba1]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Ubiquitin]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Ubiquitin activation]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Ubiquitin thioester]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Function
UBI4P_YEAST Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity).
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The activation of ubiquitin by the ubiquitin-activating enzyme Uba1 (E1) constitutes the first step in the covalent modification of target proteins with ubiquitin. This activation is a three-step process in which ubiquitin is adenylated at its C-terminal glycine, followed by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to a catalytic cysteine residue of Uba1 and the subsequent adenylation of a second ubiquitin. Here, a ubiquitin E1 structure loaded with two ubiquitin molecules is presented for the first time. While one ubiquitin is bound in its adenylated form to the active adenylation domain of E1, the second ubiquitin represents the status after transfer and is covalently linked to the active-site cysteine. The covalently linked ubiquitin enables binding of the E2 enzyme without further modification of the ternary Uba1-ubiquitin2 arrangement. This doubly loaded E1 structure constitutes a missing link in the structural analysis of the ubiquitin-transfer cascade.
Structure of the ubiquitin-activating enzyme loaded with two ubiquitin molecules.,Schafer A, Kuhn M, Schindelin H Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2014 May;70(Pt 5):1311-20. doi:, 10.1107/S1399004714002910. Epub 2014 Apr 30. PMID:24816100[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Schafer A, Kuhn M, Schindelin H. Structure of the ubiquitin-activating enzyme loaded with two ubiquitin molecules. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2014 May;70(Pt 5):1311-20. doi:, 10.1107/S1399004714002910. Epub 2014 Apr 30. PMID:24816100 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1399004714002910
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