| Structural highlights
Disease
[VRK1_HUMAN] Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Function
[VRK1_HUMAN] Serine/threonine kinase involved in Golgi disassembly during the cell cycle: following phosphorylation by PLK3 during mitosis, required to induce Golgi fragmentation. Acts by mediating phosphorylation of downstream target protein. Phosphorylates 'Thr-18' of p53/TP53 and may thereby prevent the interaction between p53/TP53 and MDM2. Phosphorylates casein and histone H3. Phosphorylates BANF1: disrupts its ability to bind DNA, reduces its binding to LEM domain-containing proteins and causes its relocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Phosphorylates ATF2 which activates its transcriptional activity.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The human genome encodes two active Vaccinia-related protein kinases (VRK), VRK1 and VRK2. These proteins have been implicated in a number of cellular processes and linked to a variety of tumors. However, understanding the cellular role of VRKs and establishing their potential use as targets for therapeutic intervention has been limited by the lack of tool compounds that can specifically modulate the activity of these kinases in cells. Here we identified BI-D1870, a dihydropteridine inhibitor of RSK kinases, as a promising starting point for the development of chemical probes targeting the active VRKs. We solved co-crystal structures of both VRK1 and VRK2 bound to BI-D1870 and of VRK1 bound to two broad-spectrum inhibitors. These structures revealed that both VRKs can adopt a P-loop folded conformation, which is stabilized by different mechanisms on each protein. Based on these structures, we suggest modifications to the dihydropteridine scaffold that can be explored to produce potent and specific inhibitors towards VRK1 and VRK2.
Structural characterization of human Vaccinia-Related Kinases (VRK) bound to small-molecule inhibitors identifies different P-loop conformations.,Counago RM, Allerston CK, Savitsky P, Azevedo H, Godoi PH, Wells CI, Mascarello A, de Souza Gama FH, Massirer KB, Zuercher WJ, Guimaraes CRW, Gileadi O Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 8;7(1):7501. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07755-y. PMID:28790404[7]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Lopez-Borges S, Lazo PA. The human vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) phosphorylates threonine-18 within the mdm-2 binding site of the p53 tumour suppressor protein. Oncogene. 2000 Jul 27;19(32):3656-64. PMID:10951572 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1203709
- ↑ Nichols RJ, Traktman P. Characterization of three paralogous members of the Mammalian vaccinia related kinase family. J Biol Chem. 2004 Feb 27;279(9):7934-46. Epub 2003 Nov 25. PMID:14645249 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M310813200
- ↑ Sevilla A, Santos CR, Vega FM, Lazo PA. Human vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) activates the ATF2 transcriptional activity by novel phosphorylation on Thr-73 and Ser-62 and cooperates with JNK. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 25;279(26):27458-65. Epub 2004 Apr 21. PMID:15105425 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M401009200
- ↑ Nichols RJ, Wiebe MS, Traktman P. The vaccinia-related kinases phosphorylate the N' terminus of BAF, regulating its interaction with DNA and its retention in the nucleus. Mol Biol Cell. 2006 May;17(5):2451-64. Epub 2006 Feb 22. PMID:16495336 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E05-12-1179
- ↑ Sanz-Garcia M, Lopez-Sanchez I, Lazo PA. Proteomics identification of nuclear Ran GTPase as an inhibitor of human VRK1 and VRK2 (vaccinia-related kinase) activities. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2008 Nov;7(11):2199-214. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M700586-MCP200., Epub 2008 Jul 9. PMID:18617507 doi:10.1074/mcp.M700586-MCP200
- ↑ Lopez-Sanchez I, Sanz-Garcia M, Lazo PA. Plk3 interacts with and specifically phosphorylates VRK1 in Ser342, a downstream target in a pathway that induces Golgi fragmentation. Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Mar;29(5):1189-201. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01341-08. Epub 2008 Dec , 22. PMID:19103756 doi:10.1128/MCB.01341-08
- ↑ Counago RM, Allerston CK, Savitsky P, Azevedo H, Godoi PH, Wells CI, Mascarello A, de Souza Gama FH, Massirer KB, Zuercher WJ, Guimaraes CRW, Gileadi O. Structural characterization of human Vaccinia-Related Kinases (VRK) bound to small-molecule inhibitors identifies different P-loop conformations. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 8;7(1):7501. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07755-y. PMID:28790404 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07755-y
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