Blue Luminescent Antibody Derived from House Mouse

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[[Image:chaincolor.png|350px|right]]
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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
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The protein PDB 3CFB, or EP2-19G2, is a blue luminescent antibody with diverse applications, such as mercury sensing and DNA labeling <ref name="science" />. 3CFB was first found in Mus musculus, or the common house mouse, with ties to immune system functions as it has a similar structure, domain, and folding to known immunoglobulins<ref name="pdb" />. Both chains of this protein have an immune system-like structure. This protein, a monoclonal antibody, is typically found in complex with a trans-stilbene. Its luminescent quality makes its presence easy to identify, which makes it useful in biosensing applications. The signature glow is created from an electron transfer reaction from the trans-stilbene to a tryptophan in the antibody. This is unique due to its bluish color and the long duration of an especially bright light, since the light that this protein emits is magnitudes greater than comparable fluorescent compounds. It’s structure includes 864 residues with 4 separate chains, A, B, H, and L. Chains H and L are both sequentially unique to this protein. The A chain is pictured in yellow, the L chain in red, the B chain in blue, and the H chain in green.
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The protein PDB 3CFB, or EP2-19G2, is a blue luminescent antibody with diverse applications, such as mercury sensing and DNA labeling <ref name="science">Debler, E. W., Kaufmann, G. F., Meijler, M. M., Heine, A., Mee, J. M., Pljevaljčić, G., … Lerner, R. A. (2008). Deeply Inverted Electron-Hole Recombination in a Luminescent Antibody-Stilbene Complex. Science, 319(5867), 1232–1235. DOI: 10.1126/science.1153445</ref>. 3CFB was first found in Mus musculus, or the common house mouse, with ties to immune system functions as it has a similar structure, domain, and folding to known immunoglobulins<ref name="PDB">DOI: 10.2210/pdb3CFB/pdb</ref>. Both chains of this protein have an immune system-like structure. This protein, a monoclonal antibody, is typically found in complex with a trans-stilbene. Its luminescent quality makes its presence easy to identify, which makes it useful in biosensing applications. The signature glow is created from an electron transfer reaction from the trans-stilbene to a tryptophan in the antibody. This is unique due to its bluish color and the long duration of an especially bright light, since the light that this protein emits is magnitudes greater than comparable fluorescent compounds. It’s structure includes 864 residues with 4 separate chains, A, B, H, and L. Chains H and L are both sequentially unique to this protein. The A chain is pictured in yellow, the L chain in red, the B chain in blue, and the H chain in green.
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== Modern Implications ==
== Modern Implications ==
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The mechanism in which this protein emits light is similar to the mechanism used in modern day LEDs, which eludes to the possibility of a biological LED<ref name="news" />. While it is unlikely to find a true LED occurring naturally, the existence of this protein suggests that bioluminescent marine organisms could have utilized systems similar to an LED in order to give off light. The existence of this protein also suggests the possibility of genetically engineering organisms to exhibit this sort of luminesence. The duration of the light 3CFB emits makes it incredibly useful in biosensing. It can be used in methods such as ELISA assays as an antibody. After UV light exposure, if the desired ligand to be bound to 3CFB is present, the wells which contain the desired compound would glow. The duration and brightness of this glow means that it is an incredibly sensitive qualitative test. It can also be used in sensing mercury, the evaluation of catalysts, sensing cysteine residues on viral protein coats, and in other biosensor applications. In the future, there is hope of developing similarly luminescent protein-ligand complexes.
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The mechanism in which this protein emits light is similar to the mechanism used in modern day LEDs, which eludes to the possibility of a biological LED<ref name="news">Castelvecchi, D. (2013, September 23). True Blue: Electron jumps make protein shine like an LED. Retrieved from https://www.sciencenews.org/article/true-blue-electron-jumps-make-protein-shine-led</ref>. While it is unlikely to find a true LED occurring naturally, the existence of this protein suggests that bioluminescent marine organisms could have utilized systems similar to an LED in order to give off light. The existence of this protein also suggests the possibility of genetically engineering organisms to exhibit this sort of luminesence. The duration of the light 3CFB emits makes it incredibly useful in biosensing. It can be used in methods such as ELISA assays as an antibody. After UV light exposure, if the desired ligand to be bound to 3CFB is present, the wells which contain the desired compound would glow. The duration and brightness of this glow means that it is an incredibly sensitive qualitative test. It can also be used in sensing mercury, the evaluation of catalysts, sensing cysteine residues on viral protein coats, and in other biosensor applications. In the future, there is hope of developing similarly luminescent protein-ligand complexes.
== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 15:15, 1 May 2019

3cfb, resolution 1.60Å

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