| Structural highlights
4uay is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: | , , , |
| NonStd Res: | |
| Related: | 4uaw, 4uaz, 4ub1, 4ub2, 4ub3, 4ub4, 4ub5, 4ubb, 4ubc |
| Gene: | POLB (HUMAN) |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
[DPOLB_HUMAN] Repair polymerase that plays a key role in base-excision repair. Has 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity that removes the 5' sugar phosphate and also acts as a DNA polymerase that adds one nucleotide to the 3' end of the arising single-nucleotide gap. Conducts 'gap-filling' DNA synthesis in a stepwise distributive fashion rather than in a processive fashion as for other DNA polymerases.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Oxidative stress promotes genomic instability and human diseases. A common oxidized nucleoside is 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, which is found both in DNA (8-oxo-G) and as a free nucleotide (8-oxo-dGTP). Nucleotide pools are especially vulnerable to oxidative damage. Therefore cells encode an enzyme (MutT/MTH1) that removes free oxidized nucleotides. This cleansing function is required for cancer cell survival and to modulate Escherichia coli antibiotic sensitivity in a DNA polymerase (pol)-dependent manner. How polymerases discriminate between damaged and non-damaged nucleotides is not well understood. This analysis is essential given the role of oxidized nucleotides in mutagenesis, cancer therapeutics, and bacterial antibiotics. Even with cellular sanitizing activities, nucleotide pools contain enough 8-oxo-dGTP to promote mutagenesis. This arises from the dual coding potential where 8-oxo-dGTP(anti) base pairs with cytosine and 8-oxo-dGTP(syn) uses its Hoogsteen edge to base pair with adenine. Here we use time-lapse crystallography to follow 8-oxo-dGTP insertion opposite adenine or cytosine with human pol beta, to reveal that insertion is accommodated in either the syn- or anti-conformation, respectively. For 8-oxo-dGTP(anti) insertion, a novel divalent metal relieves repulsive interactions between the adducted guanine base and the triphosphate of the oxidized nucleotide. With either templating base, hydrogen-bonding interactions between the bases are lost as the enzyme reopens after catalysis, leading to a cytotoxic nicked DNA repair intermediate. Combining structural snapshots with kinetic and computational analysis reveals how 8-oxo-dGTP uses charge modulation during insertion that can lead to a blocked DNA repair intermediate.
Uncovering the polymerase-induced cytotoxicity of an oxidized nucleotide.,Freudenthal BD, Beard WA, Perera L, Shock DD, Kim T, Schlick T, Wilson SH Nature. 2014 Nov 17. doi: 10.1038/nature13886. PMID:25409153[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Bennett RA, Wilson DM 3rd, Wong D, Demple B. Interaction of human apurinic endonuclease and DNA polymerase beta in the base excision repair pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 8;94(14):7166-9. PMID:9207062
- ↑ Matsumoto Y, Kim K, Katz DS, Feng JA. Catalytic center of DNA polymerase beta for excision of deoxyribose phosphate groups. Biochemistry. 1998 May 5;37(18):6456-64. PMID:9572863 doi:10.1021/bi9727545
- ↑ DeMott MS, Beyret E, Wong D, Bales BC, Hwang JT, Greenberg MM, Demple B. Covalent trapping of human DNA polymerase beta by the oxidative DNA lesion 2-deoxyribonolactone. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 8;277(10):7637-40. Epub 2002 Jan 22. PMID:11805079 doi:10.1074/jbc.C100577200
- ↑ Parsons JL, Dianova II, Khoronenkova SV, Edelmann MJ, Kessler BM, Dianov GL. USP47 is a deubiquitylating enzyme that regulates base excision repair by controlling steady-state levels of DNA polymerase beta. Mol Cell. 2011 Mar 4;41(5):609-15. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.02.016. PMID:21362556 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2011.02.016
- ↑ Freudenthal BD, Beard WA, Perera L, Shock DD, Kim T, Schlick T, Wilson SH. Uncovering the polymerase-induced cytotoxicity of an oxidized nucleotide. Nature. 2014 Nov 17. doi: 10.1038/nature13886. PMID:25409153 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13886
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