6a19

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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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p-Hydroxymandelate oxidase (Hmo) is a flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent enzyme that oxidizes mandelate to benzoylformate. How the FMN-dependent oxidation is executed by Hmo remains unclear at the molecular level. A continuum of snapshots from crystal structures of Hmo and its mutants in complex with physiological/nonphysiological substrates, products and inhibitors provides a rationale for its substrate enantioselectivity/promiscuity, its active-site geometry/reactivity and its direct hydride-transfer mechanism. A single mutant, Y128F, that extends the two-electron oxidation reaction to a four-electron oxidative decarboxylation reaction was unexpectedly observed. Biochemical and structural approaches, including biochemistry, kinetics, stable isotope labeling and X-ray crystallography, were exploited to reach these conclusions and provide additional insights.
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The Y128F single mutant of p-hydroxymandelate oxidase (Hmo) is capable of oxidizing mandelate to benzoate via a four-electron oxidative decarboxylation reaction. When benzoylformate (the product of the first two-electron oxidation) and hydrogen peroxide (an oxidant) were used as substrates the reaction did not proceed, suggesting that free hydrogen peroxide is not the committed oxidant in the second two-electron oxidation. How the flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent four-electron oxidation reaction takes place remains elusive. Structural and biochemical explorations have shed new light on this issue. 15 high-resolution crystal structures of Hmo and its mutants liganded with or without a substrate reveal that oxidized FMN (FMNox) possesses a previously unknown electrophilic/nucleophilic duality. In the Y128F mutant the active-site perturbation ensemble facilitates the polarization of FMNox to a nucleophilic ylide, which is in a position to act on an alpha-ketoacid, forming an N5-acyl-FMNred dead-end adduct. In four-electron oxidation, an intramolecular disproportionation reaction via an N5-alkanol-FMNred C'alpha carbanion intermediate may account for the ThDP/PLP/NADPH-independent oxidative decarboxylation reaction. A synthetic 5-deaza-FMNox cofactor in combination with an alpha-hydroxyamide or alpha-ketoamide biochemically and structurally supports the proposed mechanism.
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Biochemical and structural explorations of alpha-hydroxyacid oxidases reveal a four-electron oxidative decarboxylation reaction.,Yeh HW, Lin KH, Lyu SY, Li YS, Huang CM, Wang YL, Shih HW, Hsu NS, Wu CJ, Li TL Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol. 2019 Aug 1;75(Pt 8):733-742. doi:, 10.1107/S2059798319009574. Epub 2019 Jul 30. PMID:31373572<ref>PMID:31373572</ref>
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The flavin mononucleotide cofactor in alpha-hydroxyacid oxidases exerts its electrophilic/nucleophilic duality in control of the substrate-oxidation level.,Lyu SY, Lin KH, Yeh HW, Li YS, Huang CM, Wang YL, Shih HW, Hsu NS, Wu CJ, Li TL Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol. 2019 Oct 1;75(Pt 10):918-929. doi:, 10.1107/S2059798319011938. Epub 2019 Sep 24. PMID:31588923<ref>PMID:31588923</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>

Revision as of 07:02, 16 October 2019

Mandelate oxidase mutant-Y128F with Benzoylformic acid

PDB ID 6a19

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