Structural highlights
Function
[PA2B8_DABRR] Snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that shows weak neurotoxicity and medium anticoagulant effects by binding to factor Xa (F10) and inhibiting the prothrombinase activity (IC(50) is 130 nM) (PubMed:18062812). It also damages vital organs such as lung, liver and kidney, displays edema-inducing activities when injected into the foot pads of mice and induces necrosis of muscle cells when injected into the thigh muscle. Has a low enzymatic activity. PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides.[1] [2] [3]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The phospholipase A(2 )from Daboia russelli pulchella (DPLA(2)) is the only known member of subclass II of group IIA. The three-dimensional structure of this presynaptic neurotoxic DPLA(2) enzyme has been determined at 2.4 A resolution. The structure was determined by the molecular replacement method using the model Crotalus atrox, and refined using X-PLOR to a final R-factor of 18.8 % for all data in the resolution range 20.0 A-2.4 A. The final refined model comprises 1888 atoms from two crystallographically independent protein molecules and 160 water oxygen atoms. The overall folding of DPLA(2), with three long helices and two short antiparallel beta-strands is grossly similar to those observed for other PLA(2)s. In the present structure, the calcium binding site is empty but the conformation of the calcium binding loop is similar to those observed in the calcium bound states. Two spatially adjacent regions of residues 55-61 (a typical beta-turn I) and 83-94 (a well defined loop) are remarkably different in conformation, electrostatic characteristics and inter-segmental interactions from those found in non-neurotoxic PLA(2)s. Yet another striking structural feature in DPLA(2 )pertains to the stretch of residues 53-77, which has a series of positively charged residues protruding outwardly. The above segment is presumed to be involved in the anticoagulant activity. A unique hydrophobic patch including residues Leu17, Ala18, Ile19, Pro20, Phe106 and Leu110 is found on the surface together with an equally emphatic region of -OH groups containing residues such as Ser21, Tyr22, Ser23, Ser24, Tyr25 and Tyr28. The interactions between two molecules of DPLA(2) in the asymmetric unit are remarkably different from those observed in the standard dimers and trimers of PLA(2)s, leaving the enzyme's active site fully exposed for enzyme-substrate reactions, it makes this structure one of the most favourable examples for structure-based drug design through soaking experiments.
Three-dimensional structure of a presynaptic neurotoxic phospholipase A2 from Daboia russelli pulchella at 2.4 A resolution.,Chandra V, Kaur P, Srinivasan A, Singh TP J Mol Biol. 2000 Mar 3;296(4):1117-26. PMID:10686108[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Faure G, Gowda VT, Maroun RC. Characterization of a human coagulation factor Xa-binding site on Viperidae snake venom phospholipases A2 by affinity binding studies and molecular bioinformatics. BMC Struct Biol. 2007 Dec 6;7:82. PMID:18062812 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6807-7-82
- ↑ Kasturi S, Rudrammaji LM, Gowda TV. Antibodies to a phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli selectively neutralize venom neurotoxicity. Immunology. 1990 Jun;70(2):175-80. PMID:2115497
- ↑ Tsai IH, Lu PJ, Su JC. Two types of Russell's viper revealed by variation in phospholipases A2 from venom of the subspecies. Toxicon. 1996 Jan;34(1):99-109. PMID:8835338
- ↑ Chandra V, Kaur P, Srinivasan A, Singh TP. Three-dimensional structure of a presynaptic neurotoxic phospholipase A2 from Daboia russelli pulchella at 2.4 A resolution. J Mol Biol. 2000 Mar 3;296(4):1117-26. PMID:10686108 doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3537
