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6duj

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== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYC_HUMAN CYC_HUMAN]] Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYC_HUMAN CYC_HUMAN]] Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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The A51V variant of human cytochrome c is linked to thrombocytopenia 4 (THC4), a condition that causes decreased blood platelet counts. A 1.82 A structure of the A51V variant shows only minor changes in tertiary structure relative to the wild-type (WT) protein. Guanidine hydrochloride denaturation demonstrates that the global stability of the A51V variant is 1.3 kcal/mol less than that of the WT protein. The midpoint pH, pH1/2, of the alkaline transition of the A51V variant is 1 unit less than that of the WT protein. Stopped-flow pH jump experiments show that the A51V substitution affects the triggering ionization for one of two kinetically distinguishable alkaline conformers and enhances the accessibility of a high-spin heme transient. The pH1/2 for acid unfolding of the A51V variant is 0.7 units higher than for that of the WT protein. Consistent with the greater accessibility of non-native conformers for the A51V variant, the kcat values for its peroxidase activity increase by 6- to 15-fold in the pH range of 5-8 versus those of the WT protein. These data along with previously reported data for the other THC4-linked variants, G41S and Y48H, underscore the role of Omega-loop C (residues 40-57) in modulating the peroxidase activity of cytochrome c early in apoptosis.
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Naturally Occurring A51V Variant of Human Cytochrome c Destabilizes the Native State and Enhances Peroxidase Activity.,Lei H, Bowler BE J Phys Chem B. 2019 Oct 24;123(42):8939-8953. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05869. Epub, 2019 Oct 14. PMID:31557440<ref>PMID:31557440</ref>
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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== References ==
== References ==
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Revision as of 08:54, 8 January 2020

Crystal structure of A51V variant of Human Cytochrome c

PDB ID 6duj

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