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| | <StructureSection load='6roa' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6roa]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.65Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='6roa' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6roa]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.65Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6roa]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6ROA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6ROA FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6roa]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6ROA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6ROA FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">CST3 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.65Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6roa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6roa OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6roa PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6roa RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6roa PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6roa ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6roa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6roa OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6roa PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6roa RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6roa PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6roa ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYTC_HUMAN CYTC_HUMAN]] Defects in CST3 are the cause of amyloidosis type 6 (AMYL6) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/105150 105150]]; also known as hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (HCHWA), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) or cerebroarterial amyloidosis Icelandic type. AMYL6 is a hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to cystatin C amyloid deposition. Cystatin C amyloid accumulates in the walls of arteries, arterioles, and sometimes capillaries and veins of the brain, and in various organs including lymphoid tissue, spleen, salivary glands, and seminal vesicles. Amyloid deposition in the cerebral vessels results in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral hemorrhage and premature stroke. Cystatin C levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are abnormally low.<ref>PMID:2541223</ref> <ref>PMID:1352269</ref> Genetic variations in CST3 are associated with age-related macular degeneration type 11 (ARMD11) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/611953 611953]]. ARMD is a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane.<ref>PMID:11815350</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYTC_HUMAN CYTC_HUMAN] Defects in CST3 are the cause of amyloidosis type 6 (AMYL6) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/105150 105150]; also known as hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (HCHWA), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) or cerebroarterial amyloidosis Icelandic type. AMYL6 is a hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to cystatin C amyloid deposition. Cystatin C amyloid accumulates in the walls of arteries, arterioles, and sometimes capillaries and veins of the brain, and in various organs including lymphoid tissue, spleen, salivary glands, and seminal vesicles. Amyloid deposition in the cerebral vessels results in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral hemorrhage and premature stroke. Cystatin C levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are abnormally low.<ref>PMID:2541223</ref> <ref>PMID:1352269</ref> Genetic variations in CST3 are associated with age-related macular degeneration type 11 (ARMD11) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/611953 611953]. ARMD is a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane.<ref>PMID:11815350</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYTC_HUMAN CYTC_HUMAN]] As an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, this protein is thought to serve an important physiological role as a local regulator of this enzyme activity. | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYTC_HUMAN CYTC_HUMAN] As an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, this protein is thought to serve an important physiological role as a local regulator of this enzyme activity. |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Behrendt, I]] | + | [[Category: Behrendt I]] |
| - | [[Category: Borek, D]] | + | [[Category: Borek D]] |
| - | [[Category: Orlikowska, M]] | + | [[Category: Orlikowska M]] |
| - | [[Category: Otwinowski, Z]] | + | [[Category: Otwinowski Z]] |
| - | [[Category: Skowron, P]] | + | [[Category: Skowron P]] |
| - | [[Category: Szymanska, A]] | + | [[Category: Szymanska A]] |
| - | [[Category: Hydrolase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hydrolase inhibitor]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Monomeric structure]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
CYTC_HUMAN Defects in CST3 are the cause of amyloidosis type 6 (AMYL6) [MIM:105150; also known as hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (HCHWA), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) or cerebroarterial amyloidosis Icelandic type. AMYL6 is a hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to cystatin C amyloid deposition. Cystatin C amyloid accumulates in the walls of arteries, arterioles, and sometimes capillaries and veins of the brain, and in various organs including lymphoid tissue, spleen, salivary glands, and seminal vesicles. Amyloid deposition in the cerebral vessels results in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral hemorrhage and premature stroke. Cystatin C levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are abnormally low.[1] [2] Genetic variations in CST3 are associated with age-related macular degeneration type 11 (ARMD11) [MIM:611953. ARMD is a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane.[3]
Function
CYTC_HUMAN As an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, this protein is thought to serve an important physiological role as a local regulator of this enzyme activity.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Human cystatin C (hCC), a member of the superfamily of papain-like cysteine protease inhibitors, is the most widespread cystatin in human body fluids. This small protein, in addition to its physiological function, is involved in various diseases, including cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, and dementia. Physiologically active hCC is a monomer. However, all structural studies based on crystallization led to the dimeric structure formed as a result of a three-dimensional exchange of the protein domains (3D domain swapping). The monomeric structure was obtained only for hCC variant V57N and for the protein stabilized by an additional disulfide bridge. With this study, we extend the number of models of monomeric hCC by an additional hCC variant with a single amino acid substitution in the flexible loop L1. The V57G variant was chosen for the X-ray and NMR structural analysis due to its exceptional conformational stability in solution. In this work we show for the first time the structural and dynamics studies of human cystatin C variant in solution. We were also able to compare these data with the crystal structure of the hCC V57G and with other cystatins. The overall cystatin fold is retained in the solute form. Additionally, structural information concerning the N-terminus was obtained during our studies and presented for the first time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
NMR and crystallographic structural studies of the extremely stable monomeric variant of human cystatin C with single amino acid substitution.,Maszota-Zieleniak M, Jurczak P, Orlikowska M, Zhukov I, Borek D, Otwinowski Z, Skowron P, Pietralik Z, Kozak M, Szymanska A, Rodziewicz-Motowidlo S FEBS J. 2019 Jul 22. doi: 10.1111/febs.15010. PMID:31330077[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Levy E, Lopez-Otin C, Ghiso J, Geltner D, Frangione B. Stroke in Icelandic patients with hereditary amyloid angiopathy is related to a mutation in the cystatin C gene, an inhibitor of cysteine proteases. J Exp Med. 1989 May 1;169(5):1771-8. PMID:2541223
- ↑ Abrahamson M, Jonsdottir S, Olafsson I, Jensson O, Grubb A. Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy: identification of the disease-causing mutation and specific diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction based analysis. Hum Genet. 1992 Jun;89(4):377-80. PMID:1352269
- ↑ Zurdel J, Finckh U, Menzer G, Nitsch RM, Richard G. CST3 genotype associated with exudative age related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002 Feb;86(2):214-9. PMID:11815350
- ↑ Maszota-Zieleniak M, Jurczak P, Orlikowska M, Zhukov I, Borek D, Otwinowski Z, Skowron P, Pietralik Z, Kozak M, Szymanska A, Rodziewicz-Motowidlo S. NMR and crystallographic structural studies of the extremely stable monomeric variant of human cystatin C with single amino acid substitution. FEBS J. 2019 Jul 22. doi: 10.1111/febs.15010. PMID:31330077 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.15010
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