User:Samantha Schneider/Sandbox1

Factor XIII, also known as fibrin stimulating factor is a Zymogen found in he blood of humans along with some other animals. It is activated by Thrombin to Factor XIIIa which enables it to preform it's enzymatic functions of cross-linking fibrin as part of the coagulation cascade. It was first detected in 1944 by Robbins. Factor XIII is a heterotetramer that consists of 2 enzymatic A peptides and 2 non-enzymatic B peptides.

Function

Factor XIII is a transglutaminase that circulates throughout the blood as a heterotetramer. The B subunits bind to the clot structure. When fibrin is present, thrombin cleaves the R37-G38 peptide bond in the A subunit that reveals it's active enzymatic region at the N-terminus. Calcium ions further activate the A subunits through a change in shape. The calcium ions additionally dissociate the non-covalently bound B subunits. The remaining dimer of two active A subunits, FactorXIIIa, crosslinks fibrin by forming isopeptide bonds between glutamines and lysines within the fibrin. The crosslinks make the clot more durable and more resistant to fibrinolysis due to premature enzymatic degradation.

Disease

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Structural highlights

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