5kxa

From Proteopedia

(Difference between revisions)

Current revision

Selective Inhibition of Autotaxin is Effective in Mouse Models of Liver Fibrosis

Structural highlights

5kxa is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:	X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.59Å
Ligands:	, , , ,
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

ENPP2_HUMAN Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor.^[1] ^[2] ^[3]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted glycoprotein that converts lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to the bioactive phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and is the major enzyme generating circulating LPA. Inhibition of LPA signaling has profound antifibrotic effects in multiple organ systems, including lung, kidney, skin, and peritoneum. However, other LPA-generating pathways exist, and the role of ATX in localized tissue LPA production and fibrosis remains unclear and controversial. In this study, we describe the preclinical pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties of a novel small-molecule ATX inhibitor, PAT-505 [3-((6-chloro-2-cyclopropyl-1-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-7-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl) thio)-2-fluorobenzoic acid sodium salt]. PAT-505 is a potent, selective, noncompetitive inhibitor that displays significant inhibition of ATX activity in plasma and liver tissue after oral administration. When dosed therapeutically in a Stelic Mouse Animal Model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), PAT-505 treatment resulted in a small but significant improvement in fibrosis with only minor improvements in hepatocellular ballooning and hepatic inflammation. In a choline-deficient, high-fat diet model of NASH, therapeutic treatment with PAT-505 robustly reduced liver fibrosis with no significant effect on steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, or inflammation. These data demonstrate that inhibiting autotaxin is antifibrotic and may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of multiple fibrotic liver diseases, including NASH.

Selective Inhibition of Autotaxin Is Efficacious in Mouse Models of Liver Fibrosis.,Bain G, Shannon KE, Huang F, Darlington J, Goulet L, Prodanovich P, Ma GL, Santini AM, Stein AJ, Lonergan D, King CD, Calderon I, Lai A, Hutchinson JH, Evans JF J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2017 Jan;360(1):1-13. Epub 2016 Oct 17. PMID:27754931^[4]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Nam SW, Clair T, Kim YS, McMarlin A, Schiffmann E, Liotta LA, Stracke ML. Autotaxin (NPP-2), a metastasis-enhancing motogen, is an angiogenic factor. Cancer Res. 2001 Sep 15;61(18):6938-44. PMID:11559573
↑ Stracke ML, Krutzsch HC, Unsworth EJ, Arestad A, Cioce V, Schiffmann E, Liotta LA. Identification, purification, and partial sequence analysis of autotaxin, a novel motility-stimulating protein. J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 5;267(4):2524-9. PMID:1733949
↑ Hausmann J, Kamtekar S, Christodoulou E, Day JE, Wu T, Fulkerson Z, Albers HM, van Meeteren LA, Houben AJ, van Zeijl L, Jansen S, Andries M, Hall T, Pegg LE, Benson TE, Kasiem M, Harlos K, Kooi CW, Smyth SS, Ovaa H, Bollen M, Morris AJ, Moolenaar WH, Perrakis A. Structural basis of substrate discrimination and integrin binding by autotaxin. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2011 Feb;18(2):198-204. Epub 2011 Jan 16. PMID:21240271 doi:10.1038/nsmb.1980
↑ Bain G, Shannon KE, Huang F, Darlington J, Goulet L, Prodanovich P, Ma GL, Santini AM, Stein AJ, Lonergan D, King CD, Calderon I, Lai A, Hutchinson JH, Evans JF. Selective Inhibition of Autotaxin Is Efficacious in Mouse Models of Liver Fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2017 Jan;360(1):1-13. Epub 2016 Oct 17. PMID:27754931 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.116.237156

1 Structural highlights
2 Function
3 Publication Abstract from PubMed
4 See Also
5 References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/5kxa"

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 <StructureSection load='5kxa' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5kxa]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.59&Aring;' scene=''>
 == Structural highlights ==
-<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5kxa]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5KXA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5KXA FirstGlance]. <br>
+<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5kxa]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5KXA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5KXA FirstGlance]. <br>
-</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=6Y7:3-[6-CHLORANYL-2-CYCLOPROPYL-1-(1-ETHYLPYRAZOL-4-YL)-7-FLUORANYL-INDOL-3-YL]SULFANYL-2-FLUORANYL-BENZOIC+ACID'>6Y7</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
+</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.59&#8491;</td></tr>
-<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[4zg7|4zg7]], [[4zg6|4zg6]], [[4zg9|4zg9]], [[4zga|4zga]]</td></tr>
+<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=6Y7:3-[6-CHLORANYL-2-CYCLOPROPYL-1-(1-ETHYLPYRAZOL-4-YL)-7-FLUORANYL-INDOL-3-YL]SULFANYL-2-FLUORANYL-BENZOIC+ACID'>6Y7</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
-<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">ENPP2, ATX, PDNP2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5kxa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5kxa OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5kxa PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5kxa RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5kxa PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5kxa ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
-<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine_phosphodiesterase Alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.1.4.39 3.1.4.39] </span></td></tr>
-<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5kxa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5kxa OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5kxa PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5kxa RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5kxa PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5kxa ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
 </table>
 == Function ==
-[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ENPP2_HUMAN ENPP2_HUMAN]] Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor.<ref>PMID:11559573</ref> <ref>PMID:1733949</ref> <ref>PMID:21240271</ref>
+[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ENPP2_HUMAN ENPP2_HUMAN] Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor.<ref>PMID:11559573</ref> <ref>PMID:1733949</ref> <ref>PMID:21240271</ref>
 <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
 == Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
@@ Line 28: / Line 26: @@
 __TOC__
 </StructureSection>
-[[Category: Alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase]]
+[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
-[[Category: Human]]
 [[Category: Large Structures]]
-[[Category: Bain, G]]
+[[Category: Bain G]]
-[[Category: Evans, J F]]
+[[Category: Evans JF]]
-[[Category: Hutchinson, J H]]
+[[Category: Hutchinson JH]]
-[[Category: Stein, A J]]
+[[Category: Stein AJ]]
-[[Category: Autotaxin]]
-[[Category: Enpp2]]
-[[Category: Hydrolase-hydrolase inhibitor complex]]

5kxa

From Proteopedia

Current revision

Selective Inhibition of Autotaxin is Effective in Mouse Models of Liver Fibrosis

Structural highlights

Function

Publication Abstract from PubMed

See Also

References

Contents

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

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