1u7f

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<StructureSection load='1u7f' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1u7f]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.60&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1u7f' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1u7f]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.60&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1u7f]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1U7F OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1U7F FirstGlance]. <br>
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1u7f]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1U7F OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1U7F FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SEP:PHOSPHOSERINE'>SEP</scene></td></tr>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.6&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1u7v|1u7v]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SEP:PHOSPHOSERINE'>SEP</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">SMAD3, MADH3 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), SMAD4, MADH4, DPC4 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1u7f FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1u7f OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1u7f PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1u7f RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1u7f PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1u7f ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1u7f FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1u7f OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1u7f PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1u7f RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1u7f PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1u7f ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
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[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD3_HUMAN SMAD3_HUMAN]] Defects in SMAD3 may be a cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/114500 114500]]. Defects in SMAD3 are the cause of Loeys-Dietz syndrome 3 (LDS3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613795 613795]]. An aortic aneurysm syndrome with widespread systemic involvement. The disorder is characterized by the triad of arterial tortuosity and aneurysms, hypertelorism, and bifid uvula or cleft palate. Patients with LDS3 also manifest early-onset osteoarthritis. They lack craniosynostosis and mental retardation. Note=SMAD3 mutations have been reported to be also associated with thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissection (TAAD) (PubMed:21778426). This phenotype is distinguised from LDS3 by having aneurysms restricted to thoracic aorta. As individuals carrying these mutations also exhibit aneurysms of other arteries, including abdominal aorta, iliac, and/or intracranial arteries (PubMed:21778426), they have been classified as LDS3 by the OMIM resource.<ref>PMID:21778426</ref> <ref>PMID:21217753</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD4_HUMAN SMAD4_HUMAN]] Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of pancreatic cancer (PNCA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/260350 260350]]. Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/174900 174900]]; also known as juvenile intestinal polyposis (JIP). JPS is an autosomal dominant gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndrome in which patients are at risk for developing gastrointestinal cancers. The lesions are typified by a smooth histological appearance, predominant stroma, cystic spaces and lack of a smooth muscle core. Multiple juvenile polyps usually occur in a number of Mendelian disorders. Sometimes, these polyps occur without associated features as in JPS; here, polyps tend to occur in the large bowel and are associated with an increased risk of colon and other gastrointestinal cancers.<ref>PMID:9811934</ref> <ref>PMID:12417513</ref> Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of juvenile polyposis/hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome (JP/HHT) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/175050 175050]]. JP/HHT syndrome phenotype consists of the coexistence of juvenile polyposis (JIP) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/187300 187300]] in a single individual. JIP and HHT are autosomal dominant disorders with distinct and non-overlapping clinical features. The former, an inherited gastrointestinal malignancy predisposition, is caused by mutations in SMAD4 or BMPR1A, and the latter is a vascular malformation disorder caused by mutations in ENG or ACVRL1. All four genes encode proteins involved in the transforming-growth-factor-signaling pathway. Although there are reports of patients and families with phenotypes of both disorders combined, the genetic etiology of this association is unknown. Defects in SMAD4 may be a cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/114500 114500]]. Defects in SMAD4 may be a cause of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/178600 178600]]. A rare disorder characterized by plexiform lesions of proliferating endothelial cells in pulmonary arterioles. The lesions lead to elevated pulmonary arterial pression, right ventricular failure, and death. The disease can occur from infancy throughout life and it has a mean age at onset of 36 years. Penetrance is reduced. Although familial PPH1 is rare, cases secondary to known etiologies are more common and include those associated with the appetite-suppressant drugs.<ref>PMID:21898662</ref> Defects in SMAD4 are the cause of Myhre syndrome (MYHRS) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/139210 139210]]. MYHRS is a syndrome characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, mental retardation, generalized muscle hypertrophy and striking muscular build, decreased joint mobility, cryptorchidism, and unusual facies. Dysmorphic facial features include microcephaly, midface hypoplasia, prognathism, and blepharophimosis. Typical skeletal anomalies are short stature, square body shape, broad ribs, iliac hypoplasia, brachydactyly, flattened vertebrae, and thickened calvaria. Other features, such as congenital heart disease, may also occur.<ref>PMID:22243968</ref> <ref>PMID:22158539</ref>
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD3_HUMAN SMAD3_HUMAN] Defects in SMAD3 may be a cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/114500 114500]. Defects in SMAD3 are the cause of Loeys-Dietz syndrome 3 (LDS3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613795 613795]. An aortic aneurysm syndrome with widespread systemic involvement. The disorder is characterized by the triad of arterial tortuosity and aneurysms, hypertelorism, and bifid uvula or cleft palate. Patients with LDS3 also manifest early-onset osteoarthritis. They lack craniosynostosis and mental retardation. Note=SMAD3 mutations have been reported to be also associated with thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissection (TAAD) (PubMed:21778426). This phenotype is distinguised from LDS3 by having aneurysms restricted to thoracic aorta. As individuals carrying these mutations also exhibit aneurysms of other arteries, including abdominal aorta, iliac, and/or intracranial arteries (PubMed:21778426), they have been classified as LDS3 by the OMIM resource.<ref>PMID:21778426</ref> <ref>PMID:21217753</ref>
== Function ==
== Function ==
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[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD3_HUMAN SMAD3_HUMAN]] Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP-1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and migration of primary keratinocytes and by altering the TGF-mediated chemotaxis of monocytes. This effect on wound healing appears to be hormone-sensitive. Regulator of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis and inhibits early healing of bone fractures (By similarity). Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.<ref>PMID:9732876</ref> <ref>PMID:9892009</ref> <ref>PMID:10995748</ref> <ref>PMID:15241418</ref> <ref>PMID:15588252</ref> <ref>PMID:16156666</ref> <ref>PMID:16751101</ref> <ref>PMID:17327236</ref> <ref>PMID:16862174</ref> <ref>PMID:19289081</ref> <ref>PMID:19218245</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD4_HUMAN SMAD4_HUMAN]] Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex which forms at the AP1 promoter site; required for syngernistic transcriptional activity in response to TGF-beta. May act as a tumor suppressor. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.<ref>PMID:9389648</ref> <ref>PMID:17327236</ref>
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD3_HUMAN SMAD3_HUMAN] Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP-1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and migration of primary keratinocytes and by altering the TGF-mediated chemotaxis of monocytes. This effect on wound healing appears to be hormone-sensitive. Regulator of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis and inhibits early healing of bone fractures (By similarity). Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.<ref>PMID:9732876</ref> <ref>PMID:9892009</ref> <ref>PMID:10995748</ref> <ref>PMID:15241418</ref> <ref>PMID:15588252</ref> <ref>PMID:16156666</ref> <ref>PMID:16751101</ref> <ref>PMID:17327236</ref> <ref>PMID:16862174</ref> <ref>PMID:19289081</ref> <ref>PMID:19218245</ref>
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
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[[Category: Human]]
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[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Caestecker, M de]]
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[[Category: Chacko BM]]
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[[Category: Chacko, B M]]
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[[Category: Hayward LJ]]
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[[Category: Hayward, L J]]
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[[Category: Lam S]]
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[[Category: Lam, S]]
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[[Category: Lin K]]
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[[Category: Lin, K]]
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[[Category: Qin BY]]
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[[Category: Qin, B Y]]
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[[Category: Shi G]]
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[[Category: Shi, G]]
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[[Category: Tiwari A]]
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[[Category: Tiwari, A]]
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[[Category: De Caestecker M]]
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[[Category: Phosphorylation]]
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[[Category: Protein complex]]
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[[Category: Signal transduction]]
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[[Category: Signaling protein]]
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[[Category: Smad]]
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[[Category: Tgf-beta]]
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Revision as of 06:39, 23 August 2023

Crystal Structure of the phosphorylated Smad3/Smad4 heterotrimeric complex

PDB ID 1u7f

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