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Transmembrane (cell surface) receptors

Ion channel-linked (ionotropic) receptors

These receptors are typically the targets of fast neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (nicotinic) and GABA; activation of these receptors results in changes in ion movement across a membrane.

• Ionotropic receptors

G protein-linked (metabotropic) receptors

This is the largest family of receptors and includes the receptors for several hormones and slow transmitters(dopamine, metabotropic glutamate). They are composed of seven transmembrane alpha helices. The loops connecting the alpha helices form extracellular and intracellular domains. The binding-site for larger peptide ligands is usually located in the extracellular domain whereas the binding site for smaller non-peptide ligands is often located between the seven alpha helices and one extracellular loop. These receptors are coupled to different intracellular effector systems via G proteins

• G protein-coupled receptors

Kinase-linked, enzyme-linked and related receptors

Receptor tyrosine kinases

Enzyme-linked receptor

Intracellular receptors

Nuclear receptors