Sulfide quinone oxidoreductase
From Proteopedia
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==Introduction to SQOR== | ==Introduction to SQOR== | ||
- | Oxidoreductases are used to catalyze the movement of electrons between an oxidant and a reductant. Sulfide quinone oxidoreductase, <scene name='88/881543/Sqor_-_1/1'>SQOR</scene>, is an integral membrane protein used in the mitochondria during metabolism to oxidize hydrogen sulfide with assistance from a quinone (Jackson et al., 2019). This enzyme marks the committed step of the sulfide oxidation pathway. SQOR is also the enzyme involved in the irreversible step of hydrogen sulfide metabolism (Landry et al., 2019). In the environment, sulfide is found in aquatic marine environments and in soil but is typically produced by prokaryotes and eukaryotes through catabolism (Lencina et al., 2013). SQOR uses coenzyme Q as the electron acceptor, and it uses sulfide, sulfite, cyanide, or glutathione as a sulfane acceptor (“SQOR - Sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial precursor”, 2021). Sulfane, or thiosulfoxide sulfur, is an essential molecule in the regulation of cellular processes. It has the capabilities to create cofactors as well as modify enzymatic activities | + | Oxidoreductases are used to catalyze the movement of electrons between an oxidant and a reductant. Sulfide quinone oxidoreductase, <scene name='88/881543/Sqor_-_1/1'>SQOR</scene>, is an integral membrane protein used in the mitochondria during metabolism to oxidize hydrogen sulfide with assistance from a quinone (Jackson et al., 2019). This enzyme marks the committed step of the sulfide oxidation pathway. SQOR is also the enzyme involved in the irreversible step of hydrogen sulfide metabolism (Landry et al., 2019). In the environment, sulfide is found in aquatic marine environments and in soil but is typically produced by prokaryotes and eukaryotes through catabolism (Lencina et al., 2013). SQOR uses coenzyme Q as the electron acceptor, and it uses sulfide, sulfite, cyanide, or glutathione as a sulfane acceptor (“SQOR - Sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial precursor”, 2021). Sulfane, or thiosulfoxide sulfur, is an essential molecule in the regulation of cellular processes. It has the capabilities to create cofactors as well as modify enzymatic activities <ref name="toohey" />. Coenzyme Q is essential for electron transfer in metabolic processes, anabolic and catabolic. In bacterial SQOR, cytochrome C is used as the electron acceptor (Jackson et al., 2019). The gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide or H2S, acts in biological processes and can be used as a target in drug interactions, which can be observed in mitochondrial metabolism (Jackson et al., 2019). Hydrogen sulfide signaling is used in the cardiovascular system to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension (Jackson et al., 2019). SQOR can also be found in bacteria, producing sulfane sulfur metabolites (Jackson et al., 2019). In contrast to human SQOR, it does not use a sulfane acceptor. In humans, SQOR belongs to the flavoprotein disulfide reductase (FDR) family (Miller, 2013). SQOR is also in the pyridine nucleotide- disulfide oxidoreductase family. There are also various types of SQORs found, such as SqrA, SqrB, SqrC, SqrD, SqrE, and SqrF (Lencina, 2013). The crystallization method used on this SQOR was vapor diffusion at a pH of 7, which in result, gave indicators of the length and structure of this monumental enzyme. |
<StructureSection load='6oi5' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''> | <StructureSection load='6oi5' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''> | ||
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</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
+ | <ref name= "toohey">PMID:25153879</ref> | ||
<references/> | <references/> |
Revision as of 16:30, 29 April 2021
Introduction to SQOR
Oxidoreductases are used to catalyze the movement of electrons between an oxidant and a reductant. Sulfide quinone oxidoreductase, , is an integral membrane protein used in the mitochondria during metabolism to oxidize hydrogen sulfide with assistance from a quinone (Jackson et al., 2019). This enzyme marks the committed step of the sulfide oxidation pathway. SQOR is also the enzyme involved in the irreversible step of hydrogen sulfide metabolism (Landry et al., 2019). In the environment, sulfide is found in aquatic marine environments and in soil but is typically produced by prokaryotes and eukaryotes through catabolism (Lencina et al., 2013). SQOR uses coenzyme Q as the electron acceptor, and it uses sulfide, sulfite, cyanide, or glutathione as a sulfane acceptor (“SQOR - Sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial precursor”, 2021). Sulfane, or thiosulfoxide sulfur, is an essential molecule in the regulation of cellular processes. It has the capabilities to create cofactors as well as modify enzymatic activities [1]. Coenzyme Q is essential for electron transfer in metabolic processes, anabolic and catabolic. In bacterial SQOR, cytochrome C is used as the electron acceptor (Jackson et al., 2019). The gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide or H2S, acts in biological processes and can be used as a target in drug interactions, which can be observed in mitochondrial metabolism (Jackson et al., 2019). Hydrogen sulfide signaling is used in the cardiovascular system to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension (Jackson et al., 2019). SQOR can also be found in bacteria, producing sulfane sulfur metabolites (Jackson et al., 2019). In contrast to human SQOR, it does not use a sulfane acceptor. In humans, SQOR belongs to the flavoprotein disulfide reductase (FDR) family (Miller, 2013). SQOR is also in the pyridine nucleotide- disulfide oxidoreductase family. There are also various types of SQORs found, such as SqrA, SqrB, SqrC, SqrD, SqrE, and SqrF (Lencina, 2013). The crystallization method used on this SQOR was vapor diffusion at a pH of 7, which in result, gave indicators of the length and structure of this monumental enzyme.
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Toohey JI, Cooper AJ. Thiosulfoxide (sulfane) sulfur: new chemistry and new regulatory roles in biology. Molecules. 2014 Aug 21;19(8):12789-813. doi: 10.3390/molecules190812789. PMID:25153879 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules190812789
- ↑ Hanson, R. M., Prilusky, J., Renjian, Z., Nakane, T. and Sussman, J. L. (2013), JSmol and the Next-Generation Web-Based Representation of 3D Molecular Structure as Applied to Proteopedia. Isr. J. Chem., 53:207-216. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201300024
- ↑ Herraez A. Biomolecules in the computer: Jmol to the rescue. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2006 Jul;34(4):255-61. doi: 10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644. PMID:21638687 doi:10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644