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| | ==NMR structure of the homeodomain of Pitx2 in complex with a TAATCC DNA binding site== | | ==NMR structure of the homeodomain of Pitx2 in complex with a TAATCC DNA binding site== |
| - | <StructureSection load='2lkx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2lkx]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 17 NMR models]]' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='2lkx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2lkx]]' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2lkx]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-pdb?obs=1&id=1yz8 1yz8]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2LKX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2LKX FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2lkx]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-pdb?obs=1&id=1yz8 1yz8]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2LKX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2LKX FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PITX3, PTX3 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2lkx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2lkx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2lkx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2lkx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2lkx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2lkx ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2lkx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2lkx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2lkx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2lkx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2lkx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2lkx ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PITX3_HUMAN PITX3_HUMAN]] Posterior polar cataract;Cataract-glaucoma;Familial ocular anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PITX2_HUMAN PITX2_HUMAN] Peters anomaly;Axenfeld anomaly;Rieger anomaly;Ring dermoid of cornea;Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PITX3_HUMAN PITX3_HUMAN]] Transcriptional regulator which is important for the differentiation and maintenance of meso-diencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons during development. In addition to its importance during development, it also has roles in the long-term survival and maintenance of the mdDA neurons. Activates NR4A2/NURR1-mediated transcription of genes such as SLC6A3, SLC18A2, TH and DRD2 which are essential for development of mdDA neurons. Acts by decreasing the interaction of NR4A2/NURR1 with the corepressor NCOR2/SMRT which acts through histone deacetylases (HDACs) to keep promoters of NR4A2/NURR1 target genes in a repressed deacetylated state. Essential for the normal lens development and differentiation. Plays a critical role in the maintenance of mitotic activity of lens epithelial cells, fiber cell differentiation and in the control of the temporal and spatial activation of fiber cell-specific crystallins. Positively regulates FOXE3 expression and negatively regulates PROX1 in the anterior lens epithelium, preventing activation of CDKN1B/P27Kip1 and CDKN1C/P57Kip2 and thus maintains lens epithelial cells in cell cycle (By similarity).
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PITX2_HUMAN PITX2_HUMAN] Controls cell proliferation in a tissue-specific manner and is involved in morphogenesis. During embryonic development, exerts a role in the expansion of muscle progenitors. May play a role in the proper localization of asymmetric organs such as the heart and stomach. Isoform PTX2C is involved in left-right asymmetry the developing embryo (By similarity). |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Baird-Titus, J M]] | + | [[Category: Baird-Titus JM]] |
| - | [[Category: Chaney, B A]] | + | [[Category: Chaney BA]] |
| - | [[Category: Clark-Baldwin, K]] | + | [[Category: Clark-Baldwin K]] |
| - | [[Category: Dave, V]] | + | [[Category: Dave V]] |
| - | [[Category: Doerdelmann, T]] | + | [[Category: Doerdelmann T]] |
| - | [[Category: Ma, J]] | + | [[Category: Ma J]] |
| - | [[Category: Transcription-dna complex]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
PITX2_HUMAN Peters anomaly;Axenfeld anomaly;Rieger anomaly;Ring dermoid of cornea;Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Function
PITX2_HUMAN Controls cell proliferation in a tissue-specific manner and is involved in morphogenesis. During embryonic development, exerts a role in the expansion of muscle progenitors. May play a role in the proper localization of asymmetric organs such as the heart and stomach. Isoform PTX2C is involved in left-right asymmetry the developing embryo (By similarity).
Publication Abstract from PubMed
We have determined the solution structure of a complex containing the K50 class homeodomain Pituitary homeobox protein 2 (PITX2) bound to its consensus DNA site (TAATCC). Previous studies have suggested that residue 50 is an important determinant of differential DNA-binding specificity among homeodomains. Although structures of several homeodomain-DNA complexes have been determined, this is the first structure of a native K50 class homeodomain. The only K50 homeodomain structure determined previously is an X-ray crystal structure of an altered specificity mutant, Engrailed Q50K (EnQ50K). Analysis of the NMR structure of the PITX2 homeodomain indicates that the lysine at position 50 makes contacts with two guanines on the antisense strand of the DNA, adjacent to the TAAT core DNA sequence, consistent with the structure of EnQ50K. Our evidence suggests that this side chain may make fluctuating interactions with the DNA, which is complementary to the crystal data for EnQ50K. There are differences in the tertiary structure between the native K50 structure and that of EnQ50K, which may explain differences in affinity and specificity between these proteins. Mutations in the human PITX2 gene are responsible for Rieger syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder. Analysis of the residues mutated in Rieger syndrome indicates that many of these residues are involved in DNA binding, while others are involved in formation of the hydrophobic core of the protein. Overall, the role of K50 in homeodomain recognition is further clarified, and the results indicate that native K50 homeodomains may exhibit differences from altered specificity mutants.
Solution structure of the K50 class homeodomain PITX2 bound to DNA and implications for mutations that cause Rieger syndrome.,Chaney BA, Clark-Baldwin K, Dave V, Ma J, Rance M Biochemistry. 2005 May 24;44(20):7497-511. PMID:15895993[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Chaney BA, Clark-Baldwin K, Dave V, Ma J, Rance M. Solution structure of the K50 class homeodomain PITX2 bound to DNA and implications for mutations that cause Rieger syndrome. Biochemistry. 2005 May 24;44(20):7497-511. PMID:15895993 doi:10.1021/bi0473253
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