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| | <StructureSection load='2v16' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2v16]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='2v16' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2v16]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2v16]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2V16 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2V16 FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2v16]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2V16 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2V16 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=C47:METHYL+(3R)-1-[(5S,6S,8R)-5-AMINO-9-BUTYLAMINO-6-HYDROXY-3,3,8-TRIMETHYL-9-OXO-NONANOYL]-3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-QUINOLINE-3-CARBOXYLATE'>C47</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.8Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1bbs|1bbs]], [[1bil|1bil]], [[1bim|1bim]], [[1hrn|1hrn]], [[1pr7|1pr7]], [[1pr8|1pr8]], [[1rne|1rne]], [[1uhq|1uhq]], [[2bks|2bks]], [[2bkt|2bkt]], [[2g20|2g20]], [[2ren|2ren]], [[2v0z|2v0z]], [[2v10|2v10]], [[2v11|2v11]], [[2v12|2v12]], [[2v13|2v13]]</div></td></tr>
| + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=C47:METHYL+(3R)-1-[(5S,6S,8R)-5-AMINO-9-BUTYLAMINO-6-HYDROXY-3,3,8-TRIMETHYL-9-OXO-NONANOYL]-3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-QUINOLINE-3-CARBOXYLATE'>C47</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renin Renin], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.15 3.4.23.15] </span></td></tr>
| + | |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2v16 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2v16 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2v16 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2v16 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2v16 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2v16 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2v16 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2v16 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2v16 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2v16 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2v16 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2v16 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RENI_HUMAN RENI_HUMAN]] Defects in REN are a cause of renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/267430 267430]]. RTD is an autosomal recessive severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by persistent fetal anuria and perinatal death, probably due to pulmonary hypoplasia from early-onset oligohydramnios (the Potter phenotype).<ref>PMID:16116425</ref> Defects in REN are the cause of familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2 (HNFJ2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613092 613092]]. It is a renal disease characterized by juvenile onset of hyperuricemia, slowly progressive renal failure and anemia.<ref>PMID:19664745</ref>
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RENI_HUMAN RENI_HUMAN] Defects in REN are a cause of renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/267430 267430]. RTD is an autosomal recessive severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by persistent fetal anuria and perinatal death, probably due to pulmonary hypoplasia from early-onset oligohydramnios (the Potter phenotype).<ref>PMID:16116425</ref> Defects in REN are the cause of familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2 (HNFJ2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613092 613092]. It is a renal disease characterized by juvenile onset of hyperuricemia, slowly progressive renal failure and anemia.<ref>PMID:19664745</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RENI_HUMAN RENI_HUMAN]] Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney.
| + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RENI_HUMAN RENI_HUMAN] Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney. |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| | <jmolCheckbox> | | <jmolCheckbox> |
| | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/v1/2v16_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/v1/2v16_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| - | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | + | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
| | </jmolCheckbox> | | </jmolCheckbox> |
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| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Human]] | + | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| | [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Renin]]
| + | [[Category: Cohen NC]] |
| - | [[Category: Cohen, N C]] | + | [[Category: Cumin F]] |
| - | [[Category: Cumin, F]] | + | [[Category: Fuhrer W]] |
| - | [[Category: Fuhrer, W]] | + | [[Category: Goschke R]] |
| - | [[Category: Goschke, R]] | + | [[Category: Grutter MG]] |
| - | [[Category: Grutter, M G]] | + | [[Category: Maibaum J]] |
| - | [[Category: Maibaum, J]] | + | [[Category: Rahuel J]] |
| - | [[Category: Rahuel, J]] | + | [[Category: Rasetti V]] |
| - | [[Category: Rasetti, V]] | + | [[Category: Rueger H]] |
| - | [[Category: Rueger, H]] | + | [[Category: Stutz S]] |
| - | [[Category: Stutz, S]] | + | [[Category: Wood JM]] |
| - | [[Category: Wood, J M]] | + | |
| - | [[Category: Alternative splicing]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Aspartyl protease]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Cleavage on pair of basic residue]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Glycoprotein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Hydrolase]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Inhibitor-complex]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Polymorphism]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Protease]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Zymogen]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
RENI_HUMAN Defects in REN are a cause of renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) [MIM:267430. RTD is an autosomal recessive severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by persistent fetal anuria and perinatal death, probably due to pulmonary hypoplasia from early-onset oligohydramnios (the Potter phenotype).[1] Defects in REN are the cause of familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2 (HNFJ2) [MIM:613092. It is a renal disease characterized by juvenile onset of hyperuricemia, slowly progressive renal failure and anemia.[2]
Function
RENI_HUMAN Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
BACKGROUND: The aspartic proteinase renin plays an important physiological role in the regulation of blood pressure. It catalyses the first step in the conversion of angiotensinogen to the hormone angiotensin II. In the past, potent peptide inhibitors of renin have been developed, but none of these compounds has made it to the end of clinical trials. Our primary aim was to develop novel nonpeptide inhibitors. Based on the available structural information concerning renin-substrate interactions, we synthesized inhibitors in which the peptide portion was replaced by lipophilic moieties that interact with the large hydrophobic S1/S3-binding pocket in renin. RESULTS: Crystal structure analysis of renin-inhibitor complexes combined with computational methods were employed in the medicinal-chemistry optimisation process. Structure analysis revealed that the newly designed inhibitors bind as predicted to the S1/S3 pocket. In addition, however, these compounds interact with a hitherto unrecognised large, distinct, sub-pocket of the enzyme that extends from the S3-binding site towards the hydrophobic core of the enzyme. Binding to this S3(sp) sub-pocket was essential for high binding affinity. This unprecedented binding mode guided the drug-design process in which the mostly hydrophobic interactions within subsite S3(sp) were optimised. CONCLUSIONS: Our design approach led to compounds with high in vitro affinity and specificity for renin, favourable bioavailability and excellent oral efficacy in lowering blood pressure in primates. These renin inhibitors are therefore potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases.
Structure-based drug design: the discovery of novel nonpeptide orally active inhibitors of human renin.,Rahuel J, Rasetti V, Maibaum J, Rueger H, Goschke R, Cohen NC, Stutz S, Cumin F, Fuhrer W, Wood JM, Grutter MG Chem Biol. 2000 Jul;7(7):493-504. PMID:10903938[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Gribouval O, Gonzales M, Neuhaus T, Aziza J, Bieth E, Laurent N, Bouton JM, Feuillet F, Makni S, Ben Amar H, Laube G, Delezoide AL, Bouvier R, Dijoud F, Ollagnon-Roman E, Roume J, Joubert M, Antignac C, Gubler MC. Mutations in genes in the renin-angiotensin system are associated with autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis. Nat Genet. 2005 Sep;37(9):964-8. Epub 2005 Aug 14. PMID:16116425 doi:ng1623
- ↑ Zivna M, Hulkova H, Matignon M, Hodanova K, Vylet'al P, Kalbacova M, Baresova V, Sikora J, Blazkova H, Zivny J, Ivanek R, Stranecky V, Sovova J, Claes K, Lerut E, Fryns JP, Hart PS, Hart TC, Adams JN, Pawtowski A, Clemessy M, Gasc JM, Gubler MC, Antignac C, Elleder M, Kapp K, Grimbert P, Bleyer AJ, Kmoch S. Dominant renin gene mutations associated with early-onset hyperuricemia, anemia, and chronic kidney failure. Am J Hum Genet. 2009 Aug;85(2):204-13. Epub 2009 Aug 6. PMID:19664745 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.07.010
- ↑ Rahuel J, Rasetti V, Maibaum J, Rueger H, Goschke R, Cohen NC, Stutz S, Cumin F, Fuhrer W, Wood JM, Grutter MG. Structure-based drug design: the discovery of novel nonpeptide orally active inhibitors of human renin. Chem Biol. 2000 Jul;7(7):493-504. PMID:10903938
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