Neuromodulators
From Proteopedia
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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='47/475982/Cv/1' caption='Structure of the human dopamine D3 receptor in complex with the antagonist eticlopride and maltose, [[3pbl]]'> | <StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='47/475982/Cv/1' caption='Structure of the human dopamine D3 receptor in complex with the antagonist eticlopride and maltose, [[3pbl]]'> | ||
| + | Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal. This modulation can last for hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes. Some of the effects of neuromodulators include: alter intrinsic firing activity,[1] increase or decrease voltage-dependent currents,[2] alter synaptic efficacy, increase bursting activity[2] and reconfiguration of synaptic connectivity.[3] | ||
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| + | Major neuromodulators in the central nervous system include: dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, norepinephrine, nitric oxide, and several neuropeptides. Cannabinoids can also be powerful CNS neuromodulators.[4][5][6] | ||
A neuromodulator can be conceptualized as a [[neurotransmitter]] that is not reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or broken down into a metabolite. | A neuromodulator can be conceptualized as a [[neurotransmitter]] that is not reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or broken down into a metabolite. | ||
Revision as of 11:56, 2 January 2022
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