7sii

From Proteopedia

(Difference between revisions)

Revision as of 03:09, 21 April 2022

Human STING bound to both cGAMP and 1-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-N-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-6-carboxamide (Compound 53)

Structural highlights

7sii is a 4 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Ligands:	,
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

[STING_HUMAN] Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Acts by recognizing and binding cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced in response to DNA virus in the cytosol: upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, autoinhibition is alleviated and TMEM173/STING is able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). Mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway.^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein in innate immunity against DNA viruses or bacteria(1-5). STING-mediated immunity could be exploited in the development of vaccines or cancer immunotherapies. STING is a transmembrane dimeric protein that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum or in the Golgi apparatus. STING is activated by the binding of its cytoplasmic ligand-binding domain to cyclic dinucleotides that are produced by the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase or by invading bacteria(1,6,7). Cyclic dinucleotides induce a conformational change in the STING ligand-binding domain, which leads to a high-order oligomerization of STING that is essential for triggering the downstream signalling pathways(8,9). However, the cGAMP-induced STING oligomers tend to dissociate in solution and have not been resolved to high resolution, which limits our understanding of the activation mechanism. Here we show that a small-molecule agonist, compound 53 (C53)(10), promotes the oligomerization and activation of human STING through a mechanism orthogonal to that of cGAMP. We determined a cryo-electron microscopy structure of STING bound to both C53 and cGAMP, revealing a stable oligomer that is formed by side-by-side packing and has a curled overall shape. Notably, C53 binds to a cryptic pocket in the STING transmembrane domain, between the two subunits of the STING dimer. This binding triggers outward shifts of transmembrane helices in the dimer, and induces inter-dimer interactions between these helices to mediate the formation of the high-order oligomer. Our functional analyses show that cGAMP and C53 together induce stronger activation of STING than either ligand alone.

Activation of STING by targeting a pocket in the transmembrane domain.,Lu D, Shang G, Li J, Lu Y, Bai XC, Zhang X Nature. 2022 Apr 6. pii: 10.1038/s41586-022-04559-7. doi:, 10.1038/s41586-022-04559-7. PMID:35388221^[8]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Zhong B, Yang Y, Li S, Wang YY, Li Y, Diao F, Lei C, He X, Zhang L, Tien P, Shu HB. The adaptor protein MITA links virus-sensing receptors to IRF3 transcription factor activation. Immunity. 2008 Oct 17;29(4):538-50. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.09.003. Epub 2008 , Sep 25. PMID:18818105 doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.09.003
↑ Ishikawa H, Barber GN. STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling. Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):674-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07317. Epub 2008 Aug 24. PMID:18724357 doi:10.1038/nature07317
↑ Ishikawa H, Ma Z, Barber GN. STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity. Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):788-92. doi: 10.1038/nature08476. Epub 2009 Sep 23. PMID:19776740 doi:10.1038/nature08476
↑ Sun W, Li Y, Chen L, Chen H, You F, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhai Z, Chen D, Jiang Z. ERIS, an endoplasmic reticulum IFN stimulator, activates innate immune signaling through dimerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 May 26;106(21):8653-8. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0900850106. Epub 2009 May 11. PMID:19433799 doi:10.1073/pnas.0900850106
↑ Tsuchida T, Zou J, Saitoh T, Kumar H, Abe T, Matsuura Y, Kawai T, Akira S. The ubiquitin ligase TRIM56 regulates innate immune responses to intracellular double-stranded DNA. Immunity. 2010 Nov 24;33(5):765-76. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.10.013. Epub 2010 , Nov 11. PMID:21074459 doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.10.013
↑ Burdette DL, Monroe KM, Sotelo-Troha K, Iwig JS, Eckert B, Hyodo M, Hayakawa Y, Vance RE. STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP. Nature. 2011 Sep 25;478(7370):515-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10429. PMID:21947006 doi:10.1038/nature10429
↑ Wu J, Sun L, Chen X, Du F, Shi H, Chen C, Chen ZJ. Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA. Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):826-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1229963. Epub 2012, Dec 20. PMID:23258412 doi:10.1126/science.1229963
↑ Lu D, Shang G, Li J, Lu Y, Bai XC, Zhang X. Activation of STING by targeting a pocket in the transmembrane domain. Nature. 2022 Apr 6. pii: 10.1038/s41586-022-04559-7. doi:, 10.1038/s41586-022-04559-7. PMID:35388221 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04559-7

1 Structural highlights
2 Function
3 Publication Abstract from PubMed
4 See Also
5 References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/7sii"

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Human STING bound to both cGAMP and 1-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-N-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-6-carboxamide (Compound 53)==
-<StructureSection load='7sii' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7sii]]' scene=''>
+<StructureSection load='7sii' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7sii]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.45&Aring;' scene=''>
 == Structural highlights ==
-<table><tr><td colspan='2'>Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7SII OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7SII FirstGlance]. <br>
+<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7sii]] is a 4 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7SII OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7SII FirstGlance]. <br>
-</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7sii FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7sii OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7sii PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7sii RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7sii PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7sii ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
+</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=1SY:CGAMP'>1SY</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=9IM:1-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-N-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-6-carboxamide'>9IM</scene></td></tr>
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7sii FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7sii OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7sii PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7sii RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7sii PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7sii ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
 </table>
+== Function ==
+[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/STING_HUMAN STING_HUMAN]] Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Acts by recognizing and binding cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced in response to DNA virus in the cytosol: upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, autoinhibition is alleviated and TMEM173/STING is able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). Mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway.<ref>PMID:18818105</ref> <ref>PMID:18724357</ref> <ref>PMID:19776740</ref> <ref>PMID:19433799</ref> <ref>PMID:21074459</ref> <ref>PMID:21947006</ref> <ref>PMID:23258412</ref>
+<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
+== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
+Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein in innate immunity against DNA viruses or bacteria(1-5). STING-mediated immunity could be exploited in the development of vaccines or cancer immunotherapies. STING is a transmembrane dimeric protein that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum or in the Golgi apparatus. STING is activated by the binding of its cytoplasmic ligand-binding domain to cyclic dinucleotides that are produced by the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase or by invading bacteria(1,6,7). Cyclic dinucleotides induce a conformational change in the STING ligand-binding domain, which leads to a high-order oligomerization of STING that is essential for triggering the downstream signalling pathways(8,9). However, the cGAMP-induced STING oligomers tend to dissociate in solution and have not been resolved to high resolution, which limits our understanding of the activation mechanism. Here we show that a small-molecule agonist, compound 53 (C53)(10), promotes the oligomerization and activation of human STING through a mechanism orthogonal to that of cGAMP. We determined a cryo-electron microscopy structure of STING bound to both C53 and cGAMP, revealing a stable oligomer that is formed by side-by-side packing and has a curled overall shape. Notably, C53 binds to a cryptic pocket in the STING transmembrane domain, between the two subunits of the STING dimer. This binding triggers outward shifts of transmembrane helices in the dimer, and induces inter-dimer interactions between these helices to mediate the formation of the high-order oligomer. Our functional analyses show that cGAMP and C53 together induce stronger activation of STING than either ligand alone.
+Activation of STING by targeting a pocket in the transmembrane domain.,Lu D, Shang G, Li J, Lu Y, Bai XC, Zhang X Nature. 2022 Apr 6. pii: 10.1038/s41586-022-04559-7. doi:, 10.1038/s41586-022-04559-7. PMID:35388221<ref>PMID:35388221</ref>
+From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
+</div>
+<div class="pdbe-citations 7sii" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
+==See Also==
+*[[Stimulator of interferon genes protein 3D structures|Stimulator of interferon genes protein 3D structures]]
+== References ==
+<references/>
 __TOC__
 </StructureSection>
 [[Category: Large Structures]]
-[[Category: Bai XC]]
+[[Category: Bai, X C]]
-[[Category: Jie L]]
+[[Category: Jie, L]]
-[[Category: Lu D]]
+[[Category: Lu, D]]
-[[Category: Lu Y]]
+[[Category: Lu, Y]]
-[[Category: Shang G]]
+[[Category: Shang, G]]
-[[Category: Zhang X]]
+[[Category: Zhang, X]]
+[[Category: Activate conformation]]
+[[Category: Agonist]]
+[[Category: Immune system]]
+[[Category: Oligomer]]
+[[Category: Sting]]

7sii

From Proteopedia

Revision as of 03:09, 21 April 2022

Human STING bound to both cGAMP and 1-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-N-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-6-carboxamide (Compound 53)

Structural highlights

Function

Publication Abstract from PubMed

See Also

References

Contents

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

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