User:Arthur Migliatti/Sandbox1

Thioredoxin(Trx) is a protein present in all organisms, from bacterias to complex beings as humans. This page will be focused on exploring the characteristics of Trx1, a cytosolic form of Trx present in eukaryotes. Trx1 has an active site composed of 2 cysteines separated by 2 aminoacids () which catalyses the reduction of other thiol-proteins and becomes oxidized. It is reduced back by Thioredoxin Reductase(TrxR), which, in the end, is reduced by NADPH. Together, the two proteins and NADPH form the system Trx^[3].

Trx1 is a monomeric protein and weights around 12kDa. It is formed by 4 beta sheets involved by 4 alpha helix, shown .

Trx and TrxR were first discovered in 1964 in a study realized in bacteria, and were described as necessary proteins to reduce Ribonucleotide Reductase(RNR), a protein that produces deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides^[4]. Since 1964, other functions of Trx1, different than participating in cell division, were discovered, as denitrosation and transnitrosation for example. Denitrosation is the removal of NO of a protein, and Trx1 does it by being temporarily S-nitrosataded on Cys32. Aterwards, Cys35 attacks Cys32 and forms a dissulfide bond, releasing HNO/NO to the medium. On the other hand, transnitrosation is the the form

To reduce other proteins, first happens an attack from Cys32, creating an intermolecular dissulfide bond, represented between residue Cys32 from Trx1 and residue Cys206 from MsrA. After it, residue Cys35 attacks Cys32, creating a dissulfide bond between the two cysteines in Trx1's catalytic site. This is the .

Although Trx1 from a great amount of organisms has only the catalytic site cysteines, the human form of Trx1 also has other , Cys 62, Cys 69 and Cys 73, which can act as regulators of the protein. enhances its antiapoptotic function in some cases, although its not necessary for it.^[5]

S-nitrosation of Trx on Cys69 enhances its antiapoptotic function in some cases, although its not necessary for it. ^[6]

One of the most important proteins that Trx reduces is Peroxiredoxin(Prx), which catalyses the reduction of Hidrogen Peroxide(H2O2) to water.

Cytosolic, nuclear, mithocondrial and secreted. Fazer distinção antes sobre a Trx1 e a Trx2. Não sei se a Trx2 também possui sítio ativo nesse lugar.

Structure

Function

Falar da RNR, Prx e outras proteínas que eu tenho visto que ela interage.

Disease

Relevance

Structural highlights

Post-translational changes

This is a sample scene created with SAT to by Group, and another to make of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.