1tnr

<StructureSection load='1tnr' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1tnr]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.85&Aring;' scene=''>

<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1tnr]] is a 2 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1TNR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1TNR FirstGlance]. <br>

== Disease ==

[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TNFB_HUMAN TNFB_HUMAN]] Genetic variations in LTA are a cause of susceptibility psoriatic arthritis (PSORAS) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/607507 607507]]. PSORAS is an inflammatory, seronegative arthritis associated with psoriasis. It is a heterogeneous disorder ranging from a mild, non-destructive disease to a severe, progressive, erosive arthropathy. Five types of psoriatic arthritis have been defined: asymmetrical oligoarthritis characterized by primary involvement of the small joints of the fingers or toes; asymmetrical arthritis which involves the joints of the extremities; symmetrical polyarthritis characterized by a rheumatoidlike pattern that can involve hands, wrists, ankles, and feet; arthritis mutilans, which is a rare but deforming and destructive condition; arthritis of the sacroiliac joints and spine (psoriatic spondylitis). [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TNR1A_HUMAN TNR1A_HUMAN]] Defects in TNFRSF1A are the cause of familial hibernian fever (FHF) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/142680 142680]]; also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). FHF is a hereditary periodic fever syndrome characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, localized tender skin lesions and myalgia. Reactive amyloidosis is the main complication and occurs in 25% of cases.<ref>PMID:10199409</ref> <ref>PMID:10902757</ref> <ref>PMID:11443543</ref> <ref>PMID:13130484</ref> <ref>PMID:14610673</ref> Genetic variation in TNFRSF1A is associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis 5 (MS5) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/614810 614810]]. A multifactorial, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Sclerotic lesions are characterized by perivascular infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes and appear as indurated areas in pathologic specimens (sclerosis in plaques). The pathological mechanism is regarded as an autoimmune attack of the myelin sheat, mediated by both cellular and humoral immunity. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia and bladder dysfunction. Genetic and environmental factors influence susceptibility to the disease. Note=An intronic mutation affecting alternative splicing and skipping of exon 6 directs increased expression of isoform 4 a transcript encoding a C-terminally truncated protein which is secreted and may function as a TNF antagonist.<ref>PMID:22801493</ref>

== Function ==

[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TNFB_HUMAN TNFB_HUMAN]] Cytokine that in its homotrimeric form binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B/TNFBR and TNFRSF14/HVEM. In its heterotrimeric form with LTB binds to TNFRSF3/LTBR. Lymphotoxin is produced by lymphocytes and cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TNR1A_HUMAN TNR1A_HUMAN]] Receptor for TNFSF2/TNF-alpha and homotrimeric TNFSF1/lymphotoxin-alpha. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. Contributes to the induction of non-cytocidal TNF effects including anti-viral state and activation of the acid sphingomyelinase.

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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==

The X-ray crystal structure of the complex of the extracellular domain of the human 55 kd tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor with human TNF beta has been determined at 2.85 A resolution. The complex has three receptor molecules bound symmetrically to one TNF beta trimer. The receptor fragment, a very elongated end to end assembly of four similar folding domains, binds in the groove between two adjacent TNF beta subunits. The structure of the complex defines the orientation of the ligand with respect to the cell membrane and provides a model for TNF receptor activation. The novel fold of the TNF receptor structure is likely to be representative of the nerve growth factor (NGF)/TNF receptor family as a whole.

Crystal structure of the soluble human 55 kd TNF receptor-human TNF beta complex: implications for TNF receptor activation.,Banner DW, D'Arcy A, Janes W, Gentz R, Schoenfeld HJ, Broger C, Loetscher H, Lesslauer W Cell. 1993 May 7;73(3):431-45. PMID:8387891<ref>PMID:8387891</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>

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== References ==

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[[Category: Banner, D W]]