| Structural highlights
Disease
KRIT1_HUMAN Hereditary cerebral cavernous malformation. Cerebral cavernous malformations 1 (CCM1) [MIM:116860: A congenital vascular anomaly of the central nervous system that can result in hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, recurrent headaches, and focal neurologic deficits. The lesions are characterized by grossly enlarged blood vessels consisting of a single layer of endothelium and without any intervening neural tissue, ranging in diameter from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.[1]
Function
KRIT1_HUMAN Component of the CCM signaling pathway which is a crucial regulator of heart and vessel formation and integrity (By similarity). Negative regulator of angiogenesis. Inhibits endothelial proliferation, apoptosis, migration, lumen formation and sprouting angiogenesis in primary endothelial cells. Promotes AKT phosphorylation in a NOTCH-dependent and independent manner, and inhibits EKR1/2 phosphorylation indirectly through activation of the DELTA-NOTCH cascade. Acts in concert with CDH5 to establish and maintain correct endothelial cell polarity and vascular lumen and these effects are mediated by recruitment and activation of the Par polarity complex and RAP1B. Required for the localization of phosphorylated PRKCZ, PARD3, TIAM1 and RAP1B to the cell junction, and cell junction stabilization. Plays a role in integrin signaling via its interaction with ITGB1BP1; this prevents the interaction between ITGB1 and ITGB1BP1. Plays an important role in the maintenance of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis to prevent oxidative cellular damage. Regulates the homeostasis of intracellular ROS through an antioxidant pathway involving FOXO1 and SOD2. Facilitates the down-regulation of cyclin-D1 (CCND1) levels required for cell transition from proliferative growth to quiescence by preventing the accumulation of intracellular ROS through the modulation of FOXO1 and SOD2 levels.[2] [3] [4] [5] [REFERENCE:17]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Loss of function mutation in KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped 1) causes autosomal dominant familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and disrupts cardiovascular development. The biological function of KRIT1 requires that its FERM (band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain physically interact with both the small GTPase Rap1 and the cytoplasmic tail of the Heart of glass (HEG1) membrane anchor. In this paper, we show that the KRIT1 FERM domain can bind both Rap1 and HEG1 simultaneously, and solved the crystal structure of the KRIT1-Rap1-HEG1 ternary complex. Rap1 binds on the surface of the F1 and F2 subdomains, in an interaction that leaves its Switch II region accessible to other potential effectors. HEG1 binds in a hydrophobic pocket at the KRIT1 F1 and F3 interface and there is no overlap with the Rap1 binding site. Indeed the affinity of KRIT1 or the KRIT1-Rap1 complex for HEG1 is comparable (Kd = 1.2 and 0.96 muM respectively) showing that there is no competition between the two sites. Furthermore, analysis of this structure revealed a specific ionic interaction between the F2 lobe of KRIT1 and Rap1 that could explain the remarkable Rap1 specificity of KRIT1. This structural insight enabled design of KRIT1(K570I), a mutant which binds Rap1 with 8-fold lower affinity and exhibits increased binding to HRas. These data show that HEG1 can recruit the Rap1-KRIT complex to the plasma membrane where Rap1's Switch II region remains accessible and reveal an important determinant of KRIT1's specificity for Rap1.
The Structure of the Ternary Complex of Krev Interaction Trapped 1 (KRIT1) bound to both the Rap1 GTPase and the Heart of Glass (HEG1) cytoplasmic tail.,Gingras AR, Puzon-McLaughlin W, Ginsberg MH J Biol Chem. 2013 Jun 27. PMID:23814056[6]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Kehrer-Sawatzki H, Wilda M, Braun VM, Richter HP, Hameister H. Mutation and expression analysis of the KRIT1 gene associated with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM1). Acta Neuropathol. 2002 Sep;104(3):231-40. Epub 2002 Jun 26. PMID:12172908 doi:10.1007/s00401-002-0552-6
- ↑ Lampugnani MG, Orsenigo F, Rudini N, Maddaluno L, Boulday G, Chapon F, Dejana E. CCM1 regulates vascular-lumen organization by inducing endothelial polarity. J Cell Sci. 2010 Apr 1;123(Pt 7):1073-80. doi: 10.1242/jcs.059329. PMID:20332120 doi:10.1242/jcs.059329
- ↑ Goitre L, Balzac F, Degani S, Degan P, Marchi S, Pinton P, Retta SF. KRIT1 regulates the homeostasis of intracellular reactive oxygen species. PLoS One. 2010 Jul 26;5(7):e11786. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011786. PMID:20668652 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011786
- ↑ Wustehube J, Bartol A, Liebler SS, Brutsch R, Zhu Y, Felbor U, Sure U, Augustin HG, Fischer A. Cerebral cavernous malformation protein CCM1 inhibits sprouting angiogenesis by activating DELTA-NOTCH signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jul 13;107(28):12640-5. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1000132107. Epub 2010 Jun 24. PMID:20616044 doi:10.1073/pnas.1000132107
- ↑ Liu JJ, Stockton RA, Gingras AR, Ablooglu AJ, Han J, Bobkov AA, Ginsberg MH. A mechanism of Rap1-induced stabilization of endothelial cell--cell junctions. Mol Biol Cell. 2011 Jul 15;22(14):2509-19. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E11-02-0157. Epub, 2011 Jun 1. PMID:21633110 doi:10.1091/mbc.E11-02-0157
- ↑ Gingras AR, Puzon-McLaughlin W, Ginsberg MH. The Structure of the Ternary Complex of Krev Interaction Trapped 1 (KRIT1) bound to both the Rap1 GTPase and the Heart of Glass (HEG1) cytoplasmic tail. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jun 27. PMID:23814056 doi:10.1074/jbc.M113.462911
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