Sandbox Reserved 1806

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Function of your protein

, its function is to facilitate the cotranslational installation of the 22nd amino acid pyrrolysine. PylRS has emerged as a major route to install nonanonical amino acids into proteins in living cells. The organism that Pyrrolysine is from was identified in a subset of methanogenic archaea. Enzymes that are within this class lack the N-terminal tRNA binding domain that is widely conserved amongst PylRS enzymes, yet they remain active and orthogonal in bacteria and eukaryotes.

Biological relevance and broader implications

Pyrrolysine is important for the organism because it plays a unique role in the key step in the growth of methanogens by activating the methyl group of these substrates for transfer to a corrinoid cofactor. If for whatever reason the tRNA is defective, mistranslation will occur and the amino acid will be attached to the wrong tRNA and misplaced in the protein. Mistranslation can be toxic for bacteria and mammalian cells which could eventually lead to mutations in the organism.

Important amino acids

Structural highlights

Pyrrolysine has 2 domains, one called the N-terminal and the other being the C-terminal. Pyrrolysine is a modified lysine with a 4-methylpyrroline-5-carboxylate group linked by an amide to the ɛ-amino group. Pyrrolysine is lysine in which has a pyrroline ring linked to the end of the lysine side chain.

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Other important features