Introduction
Complement component 1q, or C1q, is the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system. C1q is a subcomponent of the Complement component 1 (C1), along with C1r and C1s. C1q consists of six globular-head regions all connected to a collogen-like region (), with each globular head consisting of 3 separate domains. The activation of C1q through the binding of the globular head to a variety of epitopes induces structural changes in the collogen-like region of C1q. This activates C1r, which cleaves C1s, which splits into other complement proteins to further activate other aspects of the classical complement system pathway. C1q binds to a variety of different antigens, such as phagocytes to induce phagocytosis, apoptotic cells through phosphatidylserine and DNA to induce apoptosis, and the Fc region of IgG and IgM to activate the complement system as described. C1q acts as a crucial protein that bridges the adaptive and innate immune system.
Function
Innate Immunity
C1q plays a major role in the innate part of the immune system. It is the first complement protein to be activated in the classical complement pathway, which creates a cascade of complement protein activation to ultimately promote inflammation, enhance the performance of various immune cells, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane. This aspect of the immune system is an irreplicable aspect of the innate immune system that acts as one of the body's primary defense against invaders.
Adaptive Immunity
Active Site
Disease
Structural highlights
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