Post-translational modification
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| - | ''Post-translational modification'' ('''PTM''') refers to chemical modification of [[amino acids]] after they have been incorporated into protein chains in sequences specified by the genome. More than 200 kinds of PTM are known<ref>Kessel, Amit, and Ben-Tal, Nir. Introduction to proteins: structure, function, and motion. CRC Press, 2011.</ref><ref>PMID: 16267872</ref>. | + | ''Post-translational modification'' ('''PTM''') refers to chemical modification of [[amino acids]] after they have been incorporated into protein chains in sequences specified by the genome. PTM affect the functions of proteins. More than 200 kinds of PTM are known, affecting 15 of the 20 standard [[amino acids]]<ref name="kesselbental">Kessel, Amit, and Ben-Tal, Nir. Introduction to proteins: structure, function, and motion. CRC Press, 2011.</ref><ref>PMID: 16267872</ref>. |
| + | |||
| + | ==Chemical Nature== | ||
| + | PTM include<ref name="kesselbental" /> | ||
| + | *phosphorylation, notably of tyrosine, serine, or threonine | ||
| + | *glycosylation, notably of asparagine | ||
| + | *acylation | ||
| + | *alkylation | ||
| + | *oxidation | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Consequences for Proteome== | ||
| + | About 5% of the genome of eukaryotes is devoted to enzymes that carry out PTM<ref name="kesselbental" />. PTM may increase the number of unique proteins in an organism by more than an order of magnitude. | ||
==LIterature Cited== | ==LIterature Cited== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 18:45, 15 September 2011
Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to chemical modification of amino acids after they have been incorporated into protein chains in sequences specified by the genome. PTM affect the functions of proteins. More than 200 kinds of PTM are known, affecting 15 of the 20 standard amino acids[1][2].
Chemical Nature
PTM include[1]
- phosphorylation, notably of tyrosine, serine, or threonine
- glycosylation, notably of asparagine
- acylation
- alkylation
- oxidation
Consequences for Proteome
About 5% of the genome of eukaryotes is devoted to enzymes that carry out PTM[1]. PTM may increase the number of unique proteins in an organism by more than an order of magnitude.
LIterature Cited
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kessel, Amit, and Ben-Tal, Nir. Introduction to proteins: structure, function, and motion. CRC Press, 2011.
- ↑ Walsh CT, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Gatto GJ Jr. Protein posttranslational modifications: the chemistry of proteome diversifications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2005 Dec 1;44(45):7342-72. PMID:16267872 doi:10.1002/anie.200501023
