User:User:Marcia Ivonne Peña Paz

From Proteopedia

Revision as of 14:35, 28 November 2011

BMAL_1

Brain and muscle Arnt (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator)like 1. Also known as MOP3.

Bmal1 is a 626 amino acids, transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) - PAS family[1]. It is also a major component of both central and peripheral clock, it is part of the transcriptional/translational feed back loop of the circadian timing system.

Gene regulation and expression

It is encoded by the ARNTL / BMAL1 gene in humans and rodents. It has different splicing variants, but two isoforms have been found to have differnt initiation codon.^[1]. It has been reported that it is dominantly expressed at high levels in some areas of the brain, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, but it is also expressed in other tissues such as liver or pancreas. ^{[2] [3]}

The brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) . It is expressed at high level in some regions of the brain (13, 14), and synchronized peripheral oscillation is observed in muscle, lung, kidney, liver, and heart

Bmal1 function

Bmal1 is a core component of the circadian clock, it is also an important element of the circadian pacemaker. It forms an heterodimer with CLOCK or NPAS2 and both translocate into the nucleus. The heterodimer formed in the cytoplasm migrates to the nucleus where it binds to E-box promoter of target genes, acting as the positive feedback. They promote the transcription of Per and Cry genes, whose proteins form the negative feed back loop, they heterodimerize and repress CLOCK-BMAL1 complex activity.

CLOCK-BMAL1 complex regulate clock-controlled genes, modulating food intake, hormonal synthesis, body temperature and metabolism. It modulates the expression of the genes RevErbα (nuclear repressor), Dbp (D site albumin promoter)Cry 1/2, Per 1/2/3, Dbp, Rorα, Pparα, Namt, Ccg, MyoD, CKIε.

Pathologies associated with BMAL1