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<Structure load='1te6' size='500' frame='true' align='right' caption='RSCB-Protein Data Bank: Crystal Structure of Human Neuron Specific Enolase at 1.8 angstrom' scene='Insert optional scene name here' /> | <Structure load='1te6' size='500' frame='true' align='right' caption='RSCB-Protein Data Bank: Crystal Structure of Human Neuron Specific Enolase at 1.8 angstrom' scene='Insert optional scene name here' /> | ||
| - | Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) is one of the five isozymes (isoenzyme) of the [[glycolysis]] enzyme [[enolase]]. An enolase falls under the category of [[lyase]], which is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure.<ref name="enolase">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enolase</ref> It is also known as a metalloenzyme, which means it contains a metal ion bound to the protein with one labile coordination site.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloenzyme#Metalloenzymes</ref>[[Image:Lobster Enolase .jpg|left|thumb|'''Biological Assembly Image for 1PDY''' Enolase <ref>X-RAY STRUCTURE AND CATALYTIC MECHANISM OF LOBSTER ENOLASE: http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1PDY</ref>]] Enolase is present in all tissues and organisms capable of glycolysis or fermentation.<ref name="enolase" /> | + | Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) is one of the five isozymes (isoenzyme) of the [[glycolysis]] enzyme [[enolase]]. An enolase falls under the category of [[lyase]], which is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure.<ref name="enolase">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enolase</ref> It is also known as a metalloenzyme, which means it contains a metal ion bound to the protein with one labile coordination site.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloenzyme#Metalloenzymes</ref>[[Image:Lobster Enolase .jpg|left|thumb|'''Biological Assembly Image for 1PDY''' Enolase <ref>X-RAY STRUCTURE AND CATALYTIC MECHANISM OF LOBSTER ENOLASE: http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1PDY</ref>]] Enolase is present in all tissues and organisms capable of glycolysis or fermentation. It is the ninth and penultimate step of glycolysis, converting 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). <ref name="enolase" /> |
Enolase has three subunits (α, β, and γ) and all of these subunits are usually found in vertebrates. Enolase α is ubiquitous, found in all cells, enolase β is muscle-specific, and the γ isozyme is found only in neurons.<ref>Stopped-flow studies of the reaction of d-tartronate semialdehyde-2-phosphate with human neuronal enolase and yeast enolase 1: http://www.sciencedirect.com.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/science/article/pii/S0014579310000657</ref> The subunits can combine in pairs (αα, αβ, αγ, ββ, and γγ) and form the five different isozymes of enolase. It is more common to find the homodimers (αα, ββ, and γγ) in adult human cells. The αα is called enolase 1, the ββ enolase 3, and the γγ enolase 2. Each homodimer still holds their original function: Enolase 1 is non-neuronal enolase (NNE), which is found in a variety of tissues, including liver, brain, kidney, spleen, adipose, enolase 3 is muscle specific enolase (MSE), and enolase 2 neuron-specific enolase (NSE). <ref name="enolase" /> | Enolase has three subunits (α, β, and γ) and all of these subunits are usually found in vertebrates. Enolase α is ubiquitous, found in all cells, enolase β is muscle-specific, and the γ isozyme is found only in neurons.<ref>Stopped-flow studies of the reaction of d-tartronate semialdehyde-2-phosphate with human neuronal enolase and yeast enolase 1: http://www.sciencedirect.com.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/science/article/pii/S0014579310000657</ref> The subunits can combine in pairs (αα, αβ, αγ, ββ, and γγ) and form the five different isozymes of enolase. It is more common to find the homodimers (αα, ββ, and γγ) in adult human cells. The αα is called enolase 1, the ββ enolase 3, and the γγ enolase 2. Each homodimer still holds their original function: Enolase 1 is non-neuronal enolase (NNE), which is found in a variety of tissues, including liver, brain, kidney, spleen, adipose, enolase 3 is muscle specific enolase (MSE), and enolase 2 neuron-specific enolase (NSE). <ref name="enolase" /> | ||
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Neuron Specific Enolase (Enolase 2)Introduction
 Enolase has three subunits (α, β, and γ) and all of these subunits are usually found in vertebrates. Enolase α is ubiquitous, found in all cells, enolase β is muscle-specific, and the γ isozyme is found only in neurons.[4] The subunits can combine in pairs (αα, αβ, αγ, ββ, and γγ) and form the five different isozymes of enolase. It is more common to find the homodimers (αα, ββ, and γγ) in adult human cells. The αα is called enolase 1, the ββ enolase 3, and the γγ enolase 2. Each homodimer still holds their original function: Enolase 1 is non-neuronal enolase (NNE), which is found in a variety of tissues, including liver, brain, kidney, spleen, adipose, enolase 3 is muscle specific enolase (MSE), and enolase 2 neuron-specific enolase (NSE). [1] NSE is the most abundant form of the glycolytic enolase found in adult neurons and is thought to serve as a growth factor in neurons. NSE is useful in studying neuronal differentiation and is, therefore, a valuable tool for visualizing the entire neuron and endocrine systems. [5] Structure Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps MechanismLet's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps MedicineLet's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps Let's see how the text wraps References
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