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Human Caspase 3

Caspase 3 is a member of the Cysteine dependent asparted directed protease (Caspase) family of proteins.It is found in vertibrates and is a highly conserved protein with about 60 percent sequence similirity in human, chicken, zebrafish, mouse etc. Caspase 3 plays an iportant role in programmed cell death or cell suicide " apoptosis". It functions by proteolyting the actin filaments of the cytoskeleton of the cells resulting in its collapse.This results in production of signals which calls for phagocytosis of the resulting cellular debris. Expression of caspase 3 is a tightly regulated process.

Apoptosis

Every day billions of cells die in a human body and billions more are generated.It is essential that the total number of functional cells is kept constant in order to maintain homeostatis. While mitosis is resposible for the increased number of cells, programmed cell death is responsible for the removal of unwanted cells. The cells may undergo programmed cell death if it meets with adverse conditions such as stress, death signal or DNA damage.In multi cellular organisms the DNA damaged cells are removed so that the damaged DNA will not be inherited by progenitor cells.Programmed Cell death can be classified as Apoptosis and Autophagy. Apart from maintaining cellular homeostasis Apoptosis is involved in developmenta biology as well. For example in a developing human embryo the fingers are connected to each other by tissue that makes it look like the webbed feet of a duck. Apoptosis removes the tissues in between the fingers and the digits appear individual. it is also importand in neuronal development. Apoptosis in a cell is characterised by morphological changes such as blebbing, cell shrinking, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis in a cell is signalled by exrtinsic signalling pathway or intrinsic signalling pathway. Often, there is a crosstalk between the two pathways.