User:Sruti Aiyaswamy/Sandbox 1

From Proteopedia

proteopedia linkproteopedia link

Revision as of 08:54, 27 November 2012 (edit) Sruti Aiyaswamy (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff		Revision as of 09:20, 27 November 2012 (edit) (undo) Sruti Aiyaswamy (Talk | contribs) Next diff →
Line 31:		Line 31:
	==Biological Significance==		==Biological Significance==
-		+	There are a wide range of microbes that stimulate MAIT cells via MR1 interaction, and they all synthesize riboflavin. This suggests a possible mode by which MAIT cells might sense microbial infection or overgrowth at mucosal sites in an MR1-restricted manner. <ref>PMID:23051753</ref> There are possibly many species of bacteria in the gut flora that have riboflavin biosynthetic pathways. Perhaps the constant stimulation of MAIT cells serves as way for the body to strengthen the immune system, so as to not be overcome by the co-existing microbiota. The human microbiome is very delicately balanced. It is possible that a spiked growth of an opportunistic pathogen could trigger extensive MAIT cell activation (via MR1) to cause an effective immune response against the pathogen.
	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />

---

Revision as of 09:20, 27 November 2012

Contents 1 Introduction 2 MR1 is MHC Class I Related 3 Structure of MR1-antigen Complex 4 MR1-restricted MAIT Activation 5 Biological Significance 6 References

Introduction

The MHC class I-like molecule, MR1, is an antigen presenting protein that specifically activates mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells.^[1] It has been found that microbial vitamin B metabolites serve as MR1 ligands that activate the MAIT cells.

MR1 is MHC Class I Related

spinqualitylabelsall models MHC Class I in complex with peptide Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image

Where does this lead?

Finally relate how MHC structure/function is similar to MR1. Explain chains, b2m, folding.

Structure of MR1-antigen Complex

spinqualitylabelsall models Structure of MR1 in complex with b2m and 6-formyl Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image Where does this lead?

MR1-restricted MAIT Activation

spinqualitylabelsall models MAIT Cell Receptor Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image

Biological Significance

There are a wide range of microbes that stimulate MAIT cells via MR1 interaction, and they all synthesize riboflavin. This suggests a possible mode by which MAIT cells might sense microbial infection or overgrowth at mucosal sites in an MR1-restricted manner. ^[2] There are possibly many species of bacteria in the gut flora that have riboflavin biosynthetic pathways. Perhaps the constant stimulation of MAIT cells serves as way for the body to strengthen the immune system, so as to not be overcome by the co-existing microbiota. The human microbiome is very delicately balanced. It is possible that a spiked growth of an opportunistic pathogen could trigger extensive MAIT cell activation (via MR1) to cause an effective immune response against the pathogen.

References

1. ↑ Ochs HD, Oukka M, Torgerson TR. TH17 cells and regulatory T cells in primary immunodeficiency diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 May;123(5):977-83; quiz 984-5. PMID:19410687 doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.03.030
2. ↑ Kjer-Nielsen L, Patel O, Corbett AJ, Le Nours J, Meehan B, Liu L, Bhati M, Chen Z, Kostenko L, Reantragoon R, Williamson NA, Purcell AW, Dudek NL, McConville MJ, O'Hair RA, Khairallah GN, Godfrey DI, Fairlie DP, Rossjohn J, McCluskey J. MR1 presents microbial vitamin B metabolites to MAIT cells. Nature. 2012 Oct 10. doi: 10.1038/nature11605. PMID:23051753 doi:10.1038/nature11605