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'''Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV''' (commonly abbreviated as '''DPP IV''') is a regulatory [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease protease] and binding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoprotein glycoprotein] that carries out numerous functions in humans making it a prime candidate for medicinal and pharmaceutical research. DPP IV, discovered by V.K. Hopsu-Havu and G.G. Glenner in homogenized rat liver tissue, was originally believed to serve a specific role in breaking [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine] off of [http://brenda-enzymes.org/php/ligand_flatfile.php4?brenda_ligand_id=228740 Gly-Pro-2-napthylamide], hence its original name glycylproline napthylamidase. However, further research into the specificity of DPP IV eventually showed that it serves a more generic function as a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolase hydrolase] (a serine [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exopeptidase exopeptidase]), breaking N-terminal Xaa-Pro bonds. These penultimate [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline prolines] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-terminus N-terminus] are known for their ability to resist attacks from most proteases and also induce a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformational_change conformational change] of their respective proteins. Therefore, DPP IV and its ability to catalyze said prolines gives it a unique specificity and target for pharmaceutical companies to take advantage of. <ref name="regpeps">PMID: 10588446</ref> | '''Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV''' (commonly abbreviated as '''DPP IV''') is a regulatory [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease protease] and binding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoprotein glycoprotein] that carries out numerous functions in humans making it a prime candidate for medicinal and pharmaceutical research. DPP IV, discovered by V.K. Hopsu-Havu and G.G. Glenner in homogenized rat liver tissue, was originally believed to serve a specific role in breaking [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine] off of [http://brenda-enzymes.org/php/ligand_flatfile.php4?brenda_ligand_id=228740 Gly-Pro-2-napthylamide], hence its original name glycylproline napthylamidase. However, further research into the specificity of DPP IV eventually showed that it serves a more generic function as a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolase hydrolase] (a serine [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exopeptidase exopeptidase]), breaking N-terminal Xaa-Pro bonds. These penultimate [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline prolines] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-terminus N-terminus] are known for their ability to resist attacks from most proteases and also induce a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformational_change conformational change] of their respective proteins. Therefore, DPP IV and its ability to catalyze said prolines gives it a unique specificity and target for pharmaceutical companies to take advantage of. <ref name="regpeps">PMID: 10588446</ref> | ||
| - | < | + | <StructureSection load='1X70' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Biological Dimer of DPP IV' scene='57/573132/1x70_basic_dimer/1'> |
===Structure=== | ===Structure=== | ||
The specificity of the DPP IV in its ability to discern the proline from other amino acids can be seen in the binding pocket, where two glutamates, <scene name='57/573132/1x70_glutamates/1'>Glu205-Glu206</scene>, form a small pocket where only small residues like proline or alanine will fit. <ref name="Gorrell">PMID: 15584901</ref> | The specificity of the DPP IV in its ability to discern the proline from other amino acids can be seen in the binding pocket, where two glutamates, <scene name='57/573132/1x70_glutamates/1'>Glu205-Glu206</scene>, form a small pocket where only small residues like proline or alanine will fit. <ref name="Gorrell">PMID: 15584901</ref> | ||
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Contents |
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV
Introduction
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (commonly abbreviated as DPP IV) is a regulatory protease and binding glycoprotein that carries out numerous functions in humans making it a prime candidate for medicinal and pharmaceutical research. DPP IV, discovered by V.K. Hopsu-Havu and G.G. Glenner in homogenized rat liver tissue, was originally believed to serve a specific role in breaking 2-Naphthylamine off of Gly-Pro-2-napthylamide, hence its original name glycylproline napthylamidase. However, further research into the specificity of DPP IV eventually showed that it serves a more generic function as a hydrolase (a serine exopeptidase), breaking N-terminal Xaa-Pro bonds. These penultimate prolines of the N-terminus are known for their ability to resist attacks from most proteases and also induce a conformational change of their respective proteins. Therefore, DPP IV and its ability to catalyze said prolines gives it a unique specificity and target for pharmaceutical companies to take advantage of. [1]
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Medical Relevancy
References
- ↑ Mentlein R. Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26)--role in the inactivation of regulatory peptides. Regul Pept. 1999 Nov 30;85(1):9-24. PMID:10588446
- ↑ Gorrell MD. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV and related enzymes in cell biology and liver disorders. Clin Sci (Lond). 2005 Apr;108(4):277-92. PMID:15584901 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CS20040302
