4cqo

Structural highlights

4cqo is a 4 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.
Activity: Glucokinase, with EC number 2.7.1.2

Disease

[NANO1_HUMAN] Male infertility due to NANOS1 mutation. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Function

[CNOT1_HUMAN] Belongs to the CCR4-NOT complex that functions as general transcription regulation complex. Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Represses the ligand-dependent transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors.^{[1] [2]} [NANO1_HUMAN] May act as a translational repressor which regulates translation of specific mRNAs by forming a complex with PUM2 that associates with the 3'-UTR of mRNA targets. Capable of interfering with the proadhesive and anti-invasive functions of E-cadherin. Up-regulates the production of MMP14 to promote tumor cell invasion.^{[3] [4]}

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The RNA-binding proteins of the Nanos family play an essential role in germ cell development and survival in a wide range of metazoan species. They function by suppressing the expression of target mRNAs through the recruitment of effector complexes, which include the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. Here, we show that the three human Nanos paralogs (Nanos1-3) interact with the CNOT1 C-terminal domain and determine the structural basis for the specific molecular recognition. Nanos1-3 bind CNOT1 through a short CNOT1-interacting motif (NIM) that is conserved in all vertebrates and some invertebrate species. The crystal structure of the human Nanos1 NIM peptide bound to CNOT1 reveals that the peptide opens a conserved hydrophobic pocket on the CNOT1 surface by inserting conserved aromatic residues. The substitutions of these aromatic residues in the Nanos1-3 NIMs abolish binding to CNOT1 and abrogate the ability of the proteins to repress translation. Our findings provide the structural basis for the recruitment of the CCR4-NOT complex by vertebrate Nanos, indicate that the NIMs are the major determinants of the translational repression mediated by Nanos, and identify the CCR4-NOT complex as the main effector complex for Nanos function.

Structural basis for the Nanos-mediated recruitment of the CCR4-NOT complex and translational repression.,Bhandari D, Raisch T, Weichenrieder O, Jonas S, Izaurralde E Genes Dev. 2014 Apr 15;28(8):888-901. doi: 10.1101/gad.237289.113. PMID:24736845^[5]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

1. ↑ Albert TK, Lemaire M, van Berkum NL, Gentz R, Collart MA, Timmers HT. Isolation and characterization of human orthologs of yeast CCR4-NOT complex subunits. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Feb 1;28(3):809-17. PMID:10637334
2. ↑ Winkler GS, Mulder KW, Bardwell VJ, Kalkhoven E, Timmers HT. Human Ccr4-Not complex is a ligand-dependent repressor of nuclear receptor-mediated transcription. EMBO J. 2006 Jul 12;25(13):3089-99. Epub 2006 Jun 15. PMID:16778766 doi:7601194
3. ↑ Strumane K, Bonnomet A, Stove C, Vandenbroucke R, Nawrocki-Raby B, Bruyneel E, Mareel M, Birembaut P, Berx G, van Roy F. E-cadherin regulates human Nanos1, which interacts with p120ctn and induces tumor cell migration and invasion. Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 15;66(20):10007-15. PMID:17047063 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3096
4. ↑ Bonnomet A, Polette M, Strumane K, Gilles C, Dalstein V, Kileztky C, Berx G, van Roy F, Birembaut P, Nawrocki-Raby B. The E-cadherin-repressed hNanos1 gene induces tumor cell invasion by upregulating MT1-MMP expression. Oncogene. 2008 Jun 12;27(26):3692-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1211035. Epub 2008 Jan, 28. PMID:18223680 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1211035
5. ↑ Bhandari D, Raisch T, Weichenrieder O, Jonas S, Izaurralde E. Structural basis for the Nanos-mediated recruitment of the CCR4-NOT complex and translational repression. Genes Dev. 2014 Apr 15;28(8):888-901. doi: 10.1101/gad.237289.113. PMID:24736845 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.237289.113